Professor Dr. Norma Md Saad started her career at IIUM as an Assistant Professor. Her areas of specialization are International Trade, Islamic Economics (Waqaf and Zakat) and Islamic Finance (specializing in Islamic microfinance). Her teaching and research have focused on Islamic banking and finance, intra-trade patterns of major economic blocs and their impact on regional integration. She is also actively doing research on the area of Islamic Economics and Finance investigating the efficiency of corporate entities in managing Waqf institutions in Malaysia and other selected countries.
She has also been commissioned by the International Shariah Research Academy in Islamic Finance (ISRA) to conduct a study analyzing the current structure of Islamic banking in Malaysia to provide policy recommendations to the regulator of Islamic banking and finance in Malaysia. Prof. Norma has published a few books (including chapters in books) in the areas of Islamic Finance, International Trade, Macroeconomics and Business Mathematics. She has also published some of her works in the internationally recognized refereed journals.

• Economics, Business And Management ~ Economics, Business And Management ~ Economics/Applied Economics ~ International Economics - Foreign direct investment, economic integration, intra trade
• Economics, Business And Management ~ Economics, Business And Management ~ Islamic Finance ~ Other Islamic Finance n.e.c. - Takaful, Waqaf, Zakat, Microfinance
• Economics, Business And Management ~ Economics, Business And Management ~ Finance ~ Capital Market - Islamic capital market
• Economics, Business And Management ~ Economics, Business And Management ~ Islamic Finance ~ Islamic Banking - Efficiency of Islamic banks

APPLIED RESEARCH METHODS	2000/2001
ASEAN ECONOMIES	2019/2020
BUSINESS MATHEMATICS	2022/2023 2020/2021 2008/2009 2007/2008 2006/2007 2005/2006 2004/2005 2003/2004 2002/2003 2001/2002 2000/2001 1999/2000
ECONOMICS IN THE QUR'AN & SUNNAH	2017/2018 2016/2017
ECONOMICS THEORY	2001/2002
GLOBALIZATION AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC POWERS	2004/2005
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS	2022/2023 2021/2022 2020/2021 2019/2020 2018/2019 2017/2018 2016/2017 2015/2016 2014/2015 2013/2014 2012/2013 2011/2012 2009/2010 2008/2009 2007/2008 2006/2007 2005/2006 2004/2005 2003/2004 2002/2003 2001/2002 1999/2000
INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT	2000/2001
INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMICS	1999/2000
INTRODUCTORY ECONOMICS FOR ENGINEERING	1994/1995
ISLAMIC BANKING AND FINANCE	2021/2022 2020/2021 2019/2020 2018/2019 2016/2017 2015/2016 2014/2015 2013/2014 2012/2013 2011/2012 2009/2010
ISLAMIC BANKING SYSTEM & OPERATIONS	2022/2023 2017/2018 2014/2015 2013/2014
PRINCIPLES OF MACROECONOMICS	1994/1995
PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS	2000/2001
USRAH IN ACTION 1	2021/2022
USRAH IN ACTION 2	2022/2023

Completed

2020 - 2022	Designing the Operational Procedures for the i-Taajir IIUM - CIMB Islamic Entrepreneurship Pilot Project
2018 - 2021	INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS AND MUSLIM COUNTRIES
2013 - 2016	Involvement of Corporate Entities in Waqaf Management: Experiences of Selected Waqaf Institutions
2012 - 2016	A Critical Analysis of the Current Islamic Banking Structure in Malaysia: Issue & Policy Implications
2012 - 2013	Towards an Application of Musharakah Mutanaqisah Principle in Islamic Microgfinance
2011 - 2013	Enhancing the Efficiency of Waqaf Institutions in Malaysia: An Exploratory Study
2011 - 2012	Comparatives Analysis Of Customer Satisfaction On Islamic And Conventional Banks In Malaysia
2009 - 2010	Cash Waqaf and Islamic Microfinance-Untapped Economic Opportunities
2009 - 2011	An Analysis on the Efficiency of Takaful Companies in Malaysia: A Non- Parametric Approach
2007 - 2009	Measuring Efficiency of Unit Trust Companies In Malaysia : A non Parametric Approach
2007 - 2010	ECONOMIC IMPACT OF MICRO CREDIT PROGRAM IN MALAYSIA AND FEASIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTING ISLAMIC FINANCING PRODUCTS ; THE CASE OF AMANAH IKHTIAR MALAYSIA
2007 - 2008	Prospects for Future Economic Integration Between Malaysia and Selected OIC Countries

On-Going

2021 - Present	Strategic Planning and Marketing Strategies for a Sustainable Asnaf Business Center
2020 - Present	Constructing the Islamic Business Model for the i-Taajir IIUM - CIMB Islamic Entrepreneurship Pilot Project
2020 - Present	Developing the Concept and Structure for the IIUM - CIMB Islamic Entrepreneurship Pilot Project
2016 - Present	Developing a Framework for Halal Compliance: The Case of Poultry Industry in Malaysia

Article

2022	The governance structure of microfinance institutions: a comparison of models of sustainability and their implication on outreach. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 22 (19) pp. 104-123
2022	The impact of zakat in poverty alleviation and income inequality reduction from the perspective of gender in West Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 15 (5) pp. 924-942
2021	Green microfinance promoting sustainable development goals (sdgs) in Bangladesh. Journal of Islamic Finance, 10 (1) pp. 011-018
2020	Governance structure of microfinance institutions: a comparison of models and its implication on social impact and poverty reduction. İbn Haldun Çalışmaları Dergisi, 5 (1) pp.
2020	Job satisfaction of female employees in microfinance institutions of Bangladesh. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Research, 3 (1) pp. 1-7
2020	Role of Islamic Microfinance Institutions for sustainable development goals in Bangladesh. Journal of International Business and Management, 3 (1) pp. 1-12
2020	The effect of zakat programs on the social impact of microfinance institutions in Bangladesh. International Journal of Zakat and Islamic Philanthropy, 2 (1) pp. 165-174
2019	The scope, opportunities and challenges of halal industry : some reflections. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 27 (2) pp. 397-421
2018	Determinants of awareness on Islamic microfinance among Cambodian Muslims. International Journal of Development and Sustainability, 7 (9) pp. 2227-2241
2018	Waqf fundraising management: a conceptual comparison between traditional and modern methods in the waqf institutions. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 8 (1) pp. 57-86
2018	Waqf fundraising management: a proposal for a sustainable finance of the Waqf institutions. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 3 (Special Issue) pp. 201-234
2018	Zakat for poverty alleviation and income inequality reduction: West Java, Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 4 (1) pp. 85-100
2017	Cash waqf as an alternative panacea to poverty alleviation: An overview of human development in Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics, 4 (2) pp. 83-90
2017	Managing corporate Waqf in Malaysia: perspective of selected SEDCs and SIRCs. Jurnal Syariah, 25 (1) pp. 91-116
2017	The comparison between consumption and production-based zakat distribution programs for poverty alleviation and income inequality reduction. International Journal of Zakat, 2 (2) pp. 11-28
2017	The contribution of waqf institutions in Malaysia and Turkey in improving the socio-economic conditions of the society. Turkish Journal of Islamic Economics, 4 (1) pp. 1-29
2016	Integrated cash waqf micro-enterprise support model for enhancing refugee livelihood. The Islamic Quarterly, 60 (3) pp. 343-368
2016	Refugee microenterprises: prospects and challenges. Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities, 2 (4) pp. 55-69
2015	Exploring the lived experiences of high-performance micro entrepreneurs in Malaysia: a hermeneutic approach. Social Science Asia: Official Journal of National Research Council of Thailand in conjunction with Asia Business and Economics Journal, 1 (1) pp. 60-72
2014	Assessing the impact of Islamic microfinance on poverty alleviation in Northern Nigeria. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, 10 (4) pp. 37-49
2014	The perception of micro-entrepreneurs and petty traders on conventional and Islamic microfinance: a case study of Pakistan. Journal of Islamic Finance, 3 (1) pp. 38-48
2013	Involvement of corporate entities in Waqaf management: experiences of Malaysia and Singapore. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 3 (6) pp. 736-748
2013	Towards adopting Zero Interest Loan (ZIL) and Profit and Loss Sharing (PLS) principle in Islamic microfinance: the case of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Finance, 2 (2) pp. 38-50
2013	Towards an application of musharakah mutanaqisah principle in Islamic microfinance. International Journal of Business and Society, 14 (2) pp. 212-223
2012	An analysis on the efficiency of takaful and insurance companies in malaysia: a non-parametric approach. Review of Integrative Business & Economics Research, 1 (1) pp. 33-56
2012	Comparative analysis of customer satisfaction on Islamic and conventional banks in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, 8 (1) pp. 73-80
2012	Microfinance and Prospect for Islamic Microfinance Products: The Case of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. Advances in Asian Social Science, 1 (1) pp. 27-33
2011	An economic impact assessment of a microcredit program in Malaysia: the case of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM). International Journal of Business and Society, 12 (1) pp. 1-14
2011	Are there prospects for future economic integration among Muslim countries? Evidence from selected OIC countries. International Journal of Economics and Management, 5 (1) pp. 179-215
2011	Does trade among ASEAN members promote efficiency? sectoral evidence from the gravity model. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1 (12) pp. 236-253
2011	Efficiency of life insurance companies in Malaysia and Brunei: a comparative analysis. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1 (3) pp. 111-122
2011	Selecting high-income generating activities for micro-entrepreneurs: the case study of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1 (5) pp. 258-264
2010	A comparative analysis of the performance of conventional and Islamic unit trust companies in Malaysia. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 6 (1) pp. 24-47
2010	Achieving human development objectives through microfinance institution: the case of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance, 6 (2) pp. 65-78
2010	An analysis on the efficiency of the Malaysian Islamic banking industry: domestic vs. foreign. Review of Islamic Economics, 14 (1) pp. 27-47
2010	Determinants of economic performance of micro-credit clients and prospect of Islamic microfinance in Malaysia. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 2 (1) pp. 113-130
2009	'Cash waqf' and Islamic microfinance: untapped economic opportunities . Islam and Civilisational Renewal (ICR), 1 (2) pp. 337-354
2009	An analysis of export performance and economic growth of Malaysia using co-integration and error correction model. Journal of Developing Areas, 43 (1) pp. 217-231
2009	Cash waqaf and Islamic microfinance - untapped economic opportunities. IAIS Islam and Civilisational Renewal Journal, 1 (2) pp. 337-354
2009	Review of current practices of Islamic microcredit and microfinancing in selected Muslim countries. The Global Journal of Finance and Economics, 6 (1) pp. 73-92
2008	Does the trade structure among the league of Arab states show potential for a successful regional economic integration? . Journal of Economic Cooperation Among Islamic Countries, 29 (4) pp. 37-70
2006	Measuring efficiency of insurance and takaful companies in Malaysia using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) . Review of Islamic Economics, 10 (2) pp. 5-26
2005	Economic integration among the members of the League of Arab States: an empirical evidence. Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development, 26 (3) pp. 77-102

Conference or Workshop Item

2020	Green microfinance promoting sustainable development goals (SDGS) in Bangladesh. In: International Conference On Islamic Social Finance: Pandemic Crisis And Possible Solutions (ISFPCPS 2020),
2019	Governance structure of microfinance institutions: A comparison of models and its implication on social impact and poverty reduction. In: 5th International Ibn Khaldun Symposium,
2019	Job satisfaction of female employees in microfinance institutions of Bangladesh. In: 3rd ASIA International Multidisciplinary Conference (AIMC 2019),
2019	Revisiting Halal industry Its Scope, Challenges and Opportunities.. In: Sustainable Social and Economic WEll-Being,
2019	Role of microfinance Institutions for sustainable development goals in Bangladesh. In: IIUM International Conference on Business Management (IICBM 2019),
2019	Sustainability and outreach of microfinance institutions in Bangladesh: the role of governance. In: International Conference on Financial Markets (ICFM 2019),
2017	The role of zakat for poverty alleviation and income inequality reduction. In: 3rd International Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance Conference (IIMEFC),
2017	Waqf fundraising management: a proposal for a sustainable finance of the Waqf institutions. In: 3rd International Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance (IIMEFC) 2017,
2016	Developing a halal compliance behavioural framework: case of the Malaysian poultry firms. In: Persidangan Kebangsaan Ekonomi Malaysia ke 11,
2012	The perception of micro-entrepreneurs and petty traders towards conventional and Islamic microfinance : a case study of Pakistan . In: Islamic Finance in a Challenging Economy : Moving Forward,
2011	Towards an application of Musharakah Mutanaqisah principle in Islamic microfinance . In: International Islamic Finance & Business Symposium and Halal Carnival 2011,
2010	Does trade among ASEAN members promote efficiency? Sectoral evidence from the gravity model.. In: International Conference on the Asian Economic Cooperation,
2010	Economic integration among asean countries: evidence for gravity model. In: IIUM Research, Innovation & Invention Exhibition (IRIIE 2010),
2009	Achieving human development objectives through microfinance institution: the case of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia . In: International Conference on Islamic Economics, Banking and Finance,
2009	An economic impact assessment of a microcredit program in Malaysia: the case of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM). In: Annual International Conference on Global Business,
2008	Prospects for future economic integration among the League of Arab States. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Business Globalization in the 21st Century,

Book

2018	The role of corporate and public entities in managing waqf institutions in Muslim countries. The International Institute of Islamic Thought (East and South East Asia), ISBN: 978-967-2190-08-0

Book Section

2020	Empowering community through entrepreneurship training and Islamic micro-financing: sharing the experience of IIUM-CIMB Islamic smart partnership (i-Taajir). In: IGI Global, ISBN: 9781799822578, pp. 57-76
2019	Pembasmian kemiskinan: wakaf & program keusahawanan sosial. In: Penerbit IKIM/IKIM Press, ISBN: 978-983-2718-75-8, pp. 99-122
2018	Best practices of waqf: experiences of Malaysia and Saudi Arabia. In: IIUM Press, & Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI), ISBN: 978-967-418-398-1, pp. 68-98
2018	The role of regulatory system in ensuring halal compliance among poultry firm operators in Malaysia. In: Springer, ISBN: 978-981-10-7256-7, pp. 387-395
2016	Issues and challenges in enhancing the efficiency of Waqf institutions: the case of selected Waqf institutions in Malaysia. In: Kulliyyah of Economics and Management Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) and Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI) @Islamic Development Bank, ISBN: 978-983-44368-1-8, pp. 542-558
2011	Case studies in international economics. In: IIUM Press, ISBN: 978-967-418-185-7, pp. 13-18
2011	The role of Muslim women in generating household income through micro or small scale enterprises: the case study of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. In: IIUM Press, ISBN: 9789670225838, pp. 41-80
2011	Zakat as a source for microfinancing. In: IIUM Press, ISBN: 9789674180119, pp. 152-166
2010	Are there prospects for future economic integration among Muslim countries? Evidence from selected OIC countries. In: IIUM Press, ISBN: 9789670225012, pp. 3-28
2009	Review of current practices and development of Islamic micro credit and micro financing. In: IIUM Press, ISBN: 9789833855780, pp. 247-264

Monograph

2020	Developing a framework for halal compliance: the case of poultry industry in Malaysia. In: ,
2013	Towards an application of Musharakah Mutanaqisah principle in Islamic microgfinance. In: s.n,
2009	Economic integration among ASEAN countries: evidence from gravity model. In: East Asian Development Network,