Sonny Zulhuda obtained his LLB (Honours), MCL and Ph.D from the IIUM. For his doctoral thesis which was completed in 2009, he wrote on the legal framework of information security in Malaysia, encompassing the issues of information governance, identity theft, cyber crimes, cyber terrorisms as well as the critical information infrastructure protection (CIIP). Besides, Dr. Sonny is trained on the Quality Management System (QMS) based on the ISO 9001:2008 and MS 1900:2014; Information Security Management System based on ISO/IEC 27001, CISSP review, as well as a certified trainer on Digital Etiquette and Appropriate Use of Technology, endorsed by the Ministry of Education.
He is a Web-science Summer Doctoral Scholarship recipient in 2008 from the Oxford Internet Institute, the University of Oxford, UK. In the span of two years, between 2011 through 2013, Sonny was awarded two-time ICANN Fellowships by the multinational organisation responsible for the Internet domain names management, i.e. the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). He is a member of the International Association for Privacy Professionals (IAPP) and is an Academic Advocate at the ISACA Chapter Malaysia, a national body for information security, audit and assurance professionals.
Dr. Sonny helped the Government of the Republic of Indonesia in preparing academic draft of Personal Data Protection Bill as well as draft Ministerial Regulations on wireless security and Internet content. In Malaysia, he was instrumental to the legal team who drafted the Malaysia's National Cyber Security Policy (NCSP) back in 2006. He also helped the Malaysia's Personal Data Protection Department on the PDP law training programme. He had further developed and delivered training modules on the awareness, compliance and rolling-out of the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 for both public and private sectors in Malaysia across various industries.

Dr. Sonny was a cyber law lecturer at Multimedia University (2006-2010) before he joined the Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, IIUM as an Assistant Professor in July 2010. He occasionally blogs at http://sonnyzulhuda.com.

• Economics, Business And Management ~ Economics, Business And Management ~ Technology Management ~ Technology and Law - Critical Information Infrastructure Protection
• Social Science ~ Social Science ~ Law ~ Commercial Law - E-commerce Law
• Social Science ~ Social Science ~ Law ~ Cyber/ICT Law - Information Security Law
• Social Science ~ Social Science ~ Law ~ Contract Law - Social Networking Media

• 2011: Member of Profesional Body / Association: (Member), Internet Society Global
• 2014 - 2016: Member of Profesional Body / Association: (Member), International Association of Privacy Professionals (IAPP)

Completed

2019 - 2023	Developing a new legal and regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies businesses in Malaysia.
2018 - 2021	From Freedom of Expression to 'Freedom to Tell Lies': Formulating an Effective Legal Framework to Regulate the Spread of Fake News Online in Malaysia
2018 - 2022	SOCIAL MEDIA REGULATION IN MALAYSIA: TRENDS AND UPDATES FROM THE LEGAL AND JUDICIAL PERSPECTIVES
2016 - 2019	Formulating The Legal and Institutional Framework for Elimination of Terrorism Financing in Malaysia
2015 - 2019	Access My Info (AMI)
2013 - 2017	Islamic Microfinance as a Tool for Enterprise Creation, Expansion and Poverty Alleviation : A Study of using Different Models
2013 - 2017	Security Offences Law Vis a Vis Right to Privacy in Malaysia: Guidelines for Reconciliation and Enforcement
2013 - 2016	Application of Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) on Malaysian Consumer Towards E-Commerce Transaction of Small Business
2011 - 2014	The Problems of Identity Theft in Malaysia in the Light of the Personal Data Protection (PDP) Act 2010: A Hope Rejuvenated?
2011 - 2015	Deciphering The Wikileaks SAGA:Exploring The Legal, Policy and Information Security Role and Challenges In Protecting and Securing Malaysia's Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) Against Data Leak

On-Going

2023 - Present	Kajian Perundangan Ke Arah Penggubalan Draf Rang Undang-Undang Perkongsian Data
2022 - Present	Kajian Rang Undang-Undang Keselamatan Siber
2021 - Present	Curricula Development on Climate Change Policy and Law (CCP_Law) ERASMUS+ CBHE project ID 618874_CCP- Law
2017 - Present	From Data Security to Freedom of Information: Formulating a Legal Framework for Open Data in Malaysian Public Sector

10 Dec, 2021	Top Researchers with the Highest Amount of Grants Received 2019-2021 - Others	University
12 Jul, 2017	Fellow - University of Toronto	International
14 Jun, 2014	Bronze Medal - IIUM International Research, Invention and Innovation Exhibition (IRIIE) 2014	University
08 Apr, 2013	ICANN Fellowship Award 2013 - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)	International
20 Feb, 2012	Silver Medal - IIUM Research, Invention and Innovation Exhibition (IRIIE) 2012	University
19 Jun, 2011	ICANN Fellowship Award 2011 - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)	International

Article

2023	Assessing cybersecurity readiness among higher education institutions in Indonesia using management perspectives. ICIC Express Letters, 17 (10) pp. 1151-1158
2023	Embracing cyberspace: Malaysia and the cyber security initiatives. Cyberpolitik Journal, 8 (15) pp. 18-23
2023	Is Indonesia destined to become the world's market for halal products?. RSF Conference Proceeding Series: Business, Management and Social Science, 3 (2) pp. 66-72
2023	Legal protection for the victims of religious hate speech on the internet. Kosmik Hukum, 23 (2) pp. 189-199
2023	Modeling the contract and execution fiduciary on constitutional court decision. Journal of Human Rights, Culture and Legal System, 3 (1) pp. 95-108
2022	Artificial intelligence in health care: data protection concerns in Malaysia. International Data Privacy Law, ipac005 () pp. 1-19
2022	Legal examination of terrorism glorification in Malaysia and Indonesia. At Tahalof IMCTC Quarterly Magazine, 12 () pp. 30-33
2022	Traitement juridique de la glorification du terrorisme en malaisie et en Indonésie. Al Tahalouf Magazine trimestriel publié par le Centre de la CIMCT, (12) pp. 30-33
2022	المعالجة القانونية لتمجيد الإرهاب في ماليزيا وإندونيسيا. التحالف مجلة فصلية تصدر عن التحالف اإلسالمي العسكري لمحاربة اإلرهاب, 12 () pp. 40-43
2021	Aku dan pemabuk. Suara Muhammadiyah, () pp.
2021	Coronavirus (COVID-19) and the spread of cyberterrorism attacks. Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition Website, () pp.
2021	Emulating the Provisions of the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime in the Nigerian Cybercrime (Prohibition, Prevention etc) Act 2015: Contextual Implications. Umaru Musa Yar'adua University Law Journal, 2 (1) pp. 217-235
2021	Kapitalisme data di balik manuver whatsApp. IB Times, 21st January 2021 () pp.
2021	Legal, policy framework needed. New Straits Times, 22 July 2021 () pp.
2021	Membaca Nexus ABIM dan Muhammadiyah dari sosok Siddiq Fadzil. Suara Muhammadiyah, 05 September 2021 () pp.
2021	Ramadhan dan Idul Fitri di Malaysia: Menggiatkan Filantropi, Membangun Altruisme. Suara Muhammadiyah, 16.5.2021 () pp.
2021	Repositioning the independence of the Indonesian Waqf Board in the development of National Waqf (a critical review of law no. 41 of 2004 concerning waqf). Justicia Islamica: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Sosial, 18 (1) pp. 59-77
2021	Saat negara Robin Hood bantu media semaput. IBTimes.ID, () pp.
2020	Apa dan kenapa perlu perlindungan data pribadi di era digital?. Kompas, () pp.
2020	Contact tracing apps: how much information is enough?. The Star, () pp. 14-15
2020	Cyberterrorisme: risque de menace et moyens de contrôle. Altahalouf, (3) pp. 20-23
2020	Ensuring safe cyberspace for children: an analysis of the legal implications of social media usage in Malaysia and Singapore. IIUM Law Journal, 28 (S1) pp. 395-413
2020	Kenapa perlu perlindungan data pribadi?. Antara News, () pp.
2020	Manage the legal risks. New Straits Times, () pp. 13-13
2020	Plea bargaining as a solution for criminal case backlog in Indonesia. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24 (5) pp. 281-291
2020	Regulating the spread of false content online in Malaysia: issues, challenges and the way forward. International Journal of Business and Society, 21 (S1) pp. 32-48
2020	Teruskan pakai Zoom atau tidak?. IB Times, () pp.
2020	The digital economy and the quest for privacy protection in Bangladesh: a comparative legal analysis. IIUM Law Journal, 28 (2) pp. 567-596
2020	The threat of Cyberterrorism and the applicability of the convention of cybercrime. At-Tahalof, (3) pp. 20-23
2020	تهديد الإرهاب السيبراني وإمكانية تطبيق اتفاقية الجرائم السيبرانية. Attahalof, (3) pp. 38-41
2019	#10yearschallenge could simplify data collection, expert says. The Jakarta Post, () pp.
2019	Access My Info: measuring data access rights around the world. The Citizen Lab, October 16, 2019 () pp.
2019	Data protection challenges in the internet of things era: an assessment of protection offered by PDPA 2010. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, 4 (17) pp. 1-12
2019	M’sians increasingly aware of risks with data breach. Borneo Post Online, () pp.
2019	Pakar sayangkan Indonesia absen Deklarasi Osaka. Antara News, () pp.
2018	Current state of personal data protection in electronic voting: criteria and indicator for effective implementation. TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control, 16 (1) pp. 290-301
2018	RUU perlindungan data pribadi perlu segera dibahas = PDP draft law needs to be urgently passed. Antara News, () pp.
2017	Policing cryptocurrencies. New Straits Times, () pp. 22-22
2017	Privacy and personal data protection in electronic voting: factors and measures. TELKOMNIKA, 15 (1) pp. 512-521
2017	Social function reconstruction of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) based on justice values. International Journal of Law Reconstruction, 1 (1) pp. 141-160
2017	Whither policing cryptocurrency in Malaysia?. IIUM Law Journal, 25 (2) pp. 179-196
2017	马来西亚社交媒体监管:选择与挑战 (Regulating Social Media in Malaysia: Options and Challenges). Global Media Journal, 4 (2) pp. 58-79
2016	Dispute resolution in E-transaction in Palestine. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 9 (4) pp. 6-11
2016	Keutamaan membaca Al-Quran di bulan Ramadhan. Muhammadiyah, () pp. 1-6
2016	Memaknai pergantian tahun bagi seorang Muslim. Suara Muhammadiyah Online, () pp. 1-5
2016	Utilization of cyberspace by terrorist groups and the applicability of the Malaysian law on terrorism. Journal of Asian and African Social Science and Humanities, 2 (2) pp. 31-54
2015	Big data, cloud and "bring your own device": how the data protection law addresses the impact of 'datafication' . Advanced Science Letters, 21 (10) pp. 3347-3351
2015	Cloud computing in E-Commerce in Palestine: legal issues and challenges. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 8 (4) pp. 17-25
2015	Data Protection Chat. Kuala Lumpur Regional Centre for Arbitration (KLRCA) Newsletter, 18 (Q2) pp. 22-23
2015	Mediating data protection breaches and disputes: the PDPA 2010 perspective. Kuala Lumpur Regional Centre for Arbitration (KLRCA) Newsletter, 2015 (18/Q2) pp. 24-27
2015	Preface for Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities: A Special Edition Devoted to Issues in Criminal Justice in the 21st Century: Spirit, Form & Challenges . Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities: A Special Edition Devoted to Issues in Criminal Justice in the 21st Century: Spirit, Form & Challenges , 23 ((S)) pp.
2015	The concept of internet of things and its challenges to privacy. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 8 (4) pp. 1-6
2015	The Shari’ah approach to criminalise identity theft. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 23 ((S)) pp. 169-182
2014	Data breach worries: a special report. Focus Malaysia, 70 (April 5-11, 2014) pp. 18-19
2014	Electronic surveillance, privacy and national security: concepts, analysis - in a nutshell. Current Law Review, 2014 (4) pp. 36-69
2014	Legal framework on the enforceability, fairness and data protection surrounding the electronic transaction: a case of Malaysia. Lex Mercatoria Journal of International Trade and Business Law, 2 (1) pp. 23-45
2013	A guideline to enforce privacy and data protection regulation in Indonesia. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 2 (3) pp. 56-63
2013	An overview of legal framework for personal data protection on electronic voting in Indonesia . International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 2 (3) pp. 62-68
2013	Consumers, take control of your personal data . The Star Daily, () pp.
2012	Data leak, critical information infrastructure and the legal options: what does Wikileaks teach us?. International Journal of Cyber-Security and Digital Forensics (IJCSDF), 1 (3) pp. 226-231
2012	E-Payment Gateway Service in Malaysia and the Analysis of its Legal Framework. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences , 6 (11) pp. 233-238
2012	What You Need to Know about the PDPA. The Star Online, () pp. 26-26
2011	Adakah perlindungan data konsumen di Indonesia? ("What law protects consumers' personal data in Indonesia?"). Online News Portal Detik.com, () pp.
2011	Law and legal education in the information age: quo vadis?. IIUM Law Journal, 2011 (SEd) pp. 67-82
2011	National security in Malaysia's digital economy: redefinition, reaction and legal reform. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7 (13) pp. 2316-2325
2011	Personal data “Up in the Air”: a tale of two Malaysian airlines in dealing with consumers online privacy. International Proceedings of Economics Development and Research (IPEDR), 5 (1) pp. V1-300-V1-303
2011	Security safeguards on e-Payment systems in Malaysia: an analysis on the Payment Systems Act 2003. Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, 6 (4) pp. 187-193
2011	Security safeguards on e-Payment systems in Malaysia: an analysis on the Payment Systems Act 2003. Journal of International Commercial Law and Technology, 6 (4) pp. 187-193
2009	The requirement of information availability under the E-Commerce Act 2006. E-Security, 18 (Q1) pp. 26-27

Conference or Workshop Item

2022	Cyber Terrorism Law in Nigeria: is the Budapest Convention on cybercrime helpful?. In: International Conference on Cyber Counterterrorism 2022,
2021	“Like, Comment, Share… And Guilty as Charged” – Why Social Media Users should Relook at section 233 CMA 1998. In: International Conference on Family Law, Family Justice and Maqasid Al-Shariah (ICFL 2021)),
2021	Five privacy lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic. In: Symposium for ICT and Sustainability 2021 - “Beyond Pandemic: Making the World a Better Place through Digitalisation”,
2021	Internalising the information culture while Building Society 5.0. In: International Conference on the Construction of Spirituality, Humanity and Technology-Based Society 5.0,
2021	Mainstreaming Shari'ah solutions for peace and justice: Al-Mizan as the foundation of the legal system. In: Roundtable discussion on harmonisation of shari'ah and law,
2021	Society 5.0 , datafication and the illusion of lawlessness. In: International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences for Humanity in the Era of Society 5.0,
2021	Trade, data protection and data transfer between Malaysia and Turkey: a legal analysis of compatibility. In: 4th International Symposium On Commercial Law,
2020	Ancaman kebebasan sipil dan keadilan sumber daya alam: Perlindungan data pribadi dan ancaman kebebasan sipil. In: Rembug Nasional Ancaman Kebebasan Sipil dan Keadilan Sumber Daya Alam,
2020	Article publication for law subjects: overview and experiences. In: Webinar on Article Publication for Law Subject,
2020	Berinteraksi di media online: Etika, hukum dan rambu-rambunya. In: Webinar Edukasi Pencegahan Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan dan Anak,
2020	Blogging for academics. In: Workshop on Academic Blogging,
2020	Covid-19 and its impact to Indonesian higher educations – learning from IIU Malaysia. In: ASKUI Talk on Covid-19 and Its Impact to Indonesian Higher Educations,
2020	Cyber law and the Covid-19 pandemic. In: International Student Colloquium: Law and Development in the Era of Pandemic,
2020	Cybersecurity and privacy. In: Kursus Digital Economy,
2020	Data Protection law: A long-overdue homework. In: International Virtual Lecture,
2020	Embracing the data economy: what is at stake for legal academia?. In: 10th International Conference of Muhammadiyah and ‘Aisyiyah Higher Education Association (ICMAHEA),
2020	Empowering a reliable, safer and trustworthy digitally connected Indonesia. In: World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) Virtual Workshop 2020,
2020	Implementation of the ASEAN framework on personal data protection as a Personal Data Protection Regulation in ASEAN countries. In: ALSA Indonesia Specialized Research Team (AISRT) Focus Group Discussion,
2020	Legal basis for Corona lockdown worldwide : The case in Malaysia. In: Online International Discussion,
2020	Legal risks in the remote teaching and learning. In: International Webinar on Understanding Legal Risks in Remote Teaching and Learning,
2020	Norma-norma perlindungan privasi data di era informasi. In: Lecture Series On Professional Ethics In ICT,
2020	Omnibus law in Indonesia: A comparative study with other countries – The Malaysian experience. In: International Seminar on Omnibus Law and Comparative Study with Other Countries,
2020	Pandangan hukum Islam dalam bersosial media. In: Webinar Darunnajah Menyapa Dunia,
2020	Personal data protection and the challenges of the pandemic. In: Persidangan Perlindungan Data Peribadi (Akta 709) di Negeri Melaka,
2020	Personal data protection in the time of pandemic: issues and challenges. In: Persidangan Perlindungan Data Peribadi (Akta 709) di Negeri Terengganu,
2020	Post Covid-19: the future of legal studies. In: Youth’s Foresight Forum,
2020	Preparing a cyber law course for the Faculty of Law, Universitas Islam Malang. In: Focus Group Discussion on the Development of Cyber Law Course by the Faculty of Law Universitas Islam Malang,
2020	Preparing data protection professionals for the digital era. In: International Guest Lecture,
2020	Privacy and data protection in the time of pandemic. In: 6th International Conference on Internet Applications, Protocols and Services (NETAPPS2020),
2020	Sarjana dan tantangan dakwah digital di era informasi. In: Orasi Ilmiah Sidan Senat dan Wisuda ke-21 STAIDA Darunnajah,
2020	Security and privacy concerns in the Malaysian National IoT strategic roadmap: legal response and the way forward. In: 6th International Conference on Internet Applications, Protocols and Services (NETAPPS2020),
2020	Tatakelola Big Data dalam konteks masyarakat informasi. In: Webinar Refleksi Akhir Tahun: Big data Muhammadiyah: Di mana dan dikemanakan?,
2020	The digital ethics. In: Webinar Series #1 FIKTI Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara (UMSU),
2020	The impact of Covid-19 to the Cyber Security and information society – experience of Malaysia = Dampak Covid-19 terhadap keamanan cyber dan masyarakat informasi – pengalaman Malaysia. In: International Webinar on the Implications of Covid-19 to Cyber Security,
2020	The law of data sharing in remote learning platform. In: Djuanda International Webinar,
2020	The risks of exploiting virtual currencies in terrorist financing operations. In: IMCTC 10th Monthly Symposium,
2020	The state of terrorism at the time of crises and calamities: the Case of Covid-19 pandemic. In: IMCTC 7th Monthly Symposium,
2020	ZOOM bahaya ZOOM dipakai. In: PRIHATWONO TALKS,
2019	Data protection in Malaysia: the year in review. In: Webinar by Data Protection Excellence Network,
2019	Open data and right to information in Malaysia: a comparative analysis. In: 2018 6th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM 2018),
2019	Reasonableness as a standard for personal data protection in Malaysia. In: International Seminar on Data Protection in the Digitalization Era,
2018	Cryptocurrency and anti-money laundering law: the need for an integrated approach. In: 7th International Conference on Law And Society (ICLAS 7),
2018	Dissemination of false content online in Malaysia: a legal update. In: 7th International Conference on Law And Society (ICLAS 7),
2017	Cabaran PDPA dalam ekonomi digital (PDPA and the challenges of digital economy). In: Persidangan Perlindungan Data Peribadi (Akta 709),
2017	Cabaran PDPA dalam ekonomi digital (Personal Data Protection Act and the challenges of digital economy). In: Persidangan Perlindungan Data Peribadi (Akta 709),
2017	Cabaran perlindingan data dalam ekonomi digital (PDPA and the Challenges of Digital Economy). In: Persidangan Perlindungan Data Peribadi (Akta 709),
2017	Current state of personal data protection in electronic voting: demand on legislature’s Bill. In: 1st International Conference on Informatics and Computing, ICIC 2016,
2017	Cyber security in the open data: where is the equilibrium?. In: 6th Malaysian – German Security Dialogue,
2017	Election fraud and privacy related issues: addressing electoral integrity. In: 2016 International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC),
2017	Internet of things: investigating its social and legal implications in a connected society. In: International Conference on Law and Society 6 (ICLAS 6),
2017	Privacy policy in Indonesia and Malaysia: from digital economy to personal data protection laws. In: The 3rd Asia Privacy Bridge Forum, Spring 2017,
2017	Privasi vs data peribadi (Privacy To Personal Data Protection: Conceptual and Contextual Landscape). In: Persidangan Perlindungan Data Peribadi (Akta 709) untuk Pengguna Data di Sabah,
2017	The Nigerian policy on critical information infrastructure. In: International Conference on Law and Society 6 (ICLAS 6),
2016	Critical data leak analysis in educational environment. In: 2016 4th International Conference on Cyber and IT Service Management,
2016	Cryptocurrency: To regulate or not to regulate?. In: 5th International Conference on Law and Society (ICLAS V),
2016	Cyber security and open government in Malaysia: issues and development. In: Cyber Security in the Era of Open Government,
2016	Cyberlaw and Data Protection Law. In: Seminar : Cyber Law and Data Protection Law,
2016	Data governance in the renewable energy development: issues and challenges. In: International Conference Forum in Research, Science and Technology (FIRST 2016),
2016	Dispute resolution in E-transaction in Palestine. In: Kuala Lumpur International Business, Economics and Law Conference 9 (KLIBEL9),
2016	Garis panduan penyediaan perintah S.129 PDPA 2010 (cross-border data transfer under s.129 of the PDPA 2010). In: Bengkel Penyediaan Deraf Perintah Perlindungan Data Peribadi ( Pemindahan Data Peribadi ) 2016,
2016	Our privacy: How to be assured in cyberspace. In: Cybersecurity, IT Assurance & Governance Conference 2016,
2016	Peningkatan kualitas pendidikan tinggi hukum melalui kerjasama dalam pengembangan sistem informasi menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) = Developing the information system for law schools: Roles and challenges towards the ASEAN Economic Community. In: Seminar Nasional Dalam Rangka Milad FH UMY ke-35,
2016	Pesonal data governance in Malaysia from a cyber security perspective. In: APAC Cyber Security Summit 2016,
2016	Self-regulation in the use of social media: an obvious but tricky choice?. In: Social Media, Policy and Regulation: A Network Governance Perspective,
2015	Cloud computing in e-commerce in palestine: legal issues and challenges. In: KL International Business Economics and Law 8 (KLIBEL8),
2015	Cyberlaw on pornography. In: National Law Students Convention IV (PEMUDA IV),
2015	Developing PDPA-friendly moblie application: key takeaways for mobile apps developers. In: KL Converge! 2015 Talk,
2015	Digital privacy as a currency in the big data ecosystem. In: Guest Lecture at the Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Jakarta,
2015	Information governance and dark data management. In: InnoxCell Asia Symposium 2015 on Legal Risk, Compliance, e-Discovery, Financial Crime, Corporate Governance and Data Privacy (IAS 2015),
2015	Managing the risks of big-data environment through data protection law: the position in Malaysia and Indonesia. In: The 3rd International Conference on Internet Services Technology and Information Engineering 2015,
2015	Negligence: causation & remoteness of damage. In: Torts Law Course for Anti-Corruption Agency - Concept and Application,
2015	Rolling-out PDPA compliance programme: business issues and practical challenges to manage - between failed, half-baked & sustainable PDPA roll-out. In: Public Lecture Series 2015 of the Brickfields Asia College ,
2015	The concept of internet of things and its challenges to privacy. In: KL International Business Economics and Law 8 (KLIBEL8),
2014	Big data and its legal risks. In: The 3rd International Conference on Information Technology for Cyber and IT Service Management (CITSM) 2014,
2014	Citizen, cyber government and the legal aspects. In: Malaysia Internet Governance Forum (MyIGF) 2014,
2014	Decision to cast a vote: an ordinal regression statistical analysis. In: 2014 5th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for The Muslim World (ICT4M 2014),
2014	Electronic surveillance and privacy concern in Malaysia: a quest for consensus. In: International Conference on Law and Society III (ICLAS III),
2014	Highlights of Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) 2010 & its subsidiary regulations - for information governance professionals. In: ISACA Talk on PDPA – Enforcement, Implementation and Assurance,
2014	Legal redress for identity theft in Malaysia: a hope or hype?. In: IIUM Research, Invention and Innovation Exhibition 2014,
2014	Moving towards an "Eagle-Eyed" society: Malaysian perspective. In: International Conference on Law, Order and Criminal Justice (ICLOCJ 2014),
2014	Overview of the Budapest convention on cybercrime. In: Attorney General's Chambers Workshop on Cybercrime,
2014	Patient confidentiality, the law and the healthcare records in the view of the PDPA 2010. In: National Seminar on Medical Records Management,
2014	PDP law and the university data ecosystem: understanding the context. In: Half-Day Workshop on Personal Data Protection Law,
2014	The Shariah approach to criminalise identity theft. In: International Conference on Law, Order and Criminal Justice 2014,
2013	A guideline to enforce privacy and data protection regulation in Indonesia. In: Kuala Lumpur International Business, Economics, and Law Conference,
2013	An overview of legal framework for personal data protection on electronic voting in Indonesia. In: Kuala Lumpur International Business, Economics, and Law Conference,
2013	How does the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 affect the clinical research?. In: Clinical Research Center (CRC) Network Meeting,
2013	Information security and data protection: Selected issues. In: Global Information Governance Summit (GIGS) 2013,
2013	Law and ethics: Doing e-business. In: SME@UiTM Workshop Programme: Nurturing Business Innovation,
2013	PDP Act 2010 beyond “personal”, “data” and “protection”: how the data privacy law transforms business landscape in Malaysia and beyond. In: ISACA Malaysia & MNCC 12th Annual IT Governance, Assurance and Security Conference,
2013	Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA): From management tools towards a privacy culture. In: 3rd Annual Personal Data Protection Summit,
2013	Terrorism and the law: Malaysian and Indonesian perspectives. In: Special Course for Thai Judges,
2013	The significance of Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA) 2010 on data security & IT audit. In: IT Audit Heads' Special Interest Group (SIG) Meeting,
2012	Apportionment of liability in the electronic commerce in Arab countries: a literature review. In: 2nd Global Islamic Marketing Conference (GIMC 2012),
2012	Data breach on the critical information infrastructures: lessons from the Wikileaks. In: 2012 International Conference on Cyber Security, Cyber Warfare and Digital Forensic (CyberSec,
2012	E-Business Law in Malaysia - Introduction for Small and Medium Enterprises (SME). In: Small & Medium Enterprises (SME) Workshop 2012,
2012	E-Payment gateway and Internet banking system as modern business instrument and its legal basis in Malaysia. In: International Conference on Payment Gateway and Internet Banking System in Islamic and Universal Economic Legal System Perspectives,
2012	Legal redress for identity theft in Malaysia : hope or hype?. In: International Conference on Public Policy and Social Sciences,
2012	Privacy impact assessment for a better corporate governance : new legal landscape in managing corporate data assets. In: National Conference on IT Governance, Data Protection and Cyber Security for the Public and Private Sectors,
2012	Privacy in cyber era : a reality check. In: 2nd Annual Personal Data Protection Summit,
2012	The Law of information age : quo vadis?. In: Talk on Cyberlaw,
2012	The state of e-government security in Malaysia : reassessing the legal and regulatory framework on the threat of information theft. In: 1st Taibah University International Conference on Computing and Information Technology (ICCIT 2012),
2012	Understanding personal data protection law. In: In-house Workshop on Personal Data Protection Act 2010,
2012	القضایا و التحدیات القانونیة في الإدارة الإلكترونیة بسلطنة عُمان (Legal Issues and Challenges on Electronic Government in Oman) . In: GCC Conference on the Administrative Development in The Arab States of the Gulf Cooperation Council: Challenges of Change and Development, Prospecting The Future,
2011	Legal reform on the dispute resolution mechanism in Islamic banking and finance in Indonesia: issues and challenges. In: Eighth International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance 2011,
2011	National security in Malaysia's digital economy: redefinition, reaction and legal reform. In: The 1st International Conference on International Relations and Development (ICIRD),
2011	Personal data “Up in the air”: A tale of two Malaysian airlines in dealing with consumers online privacy. In: 2011 International Conference on Social Science and Humanity,
2010	An ideal legal system to combat cyber crime: issues and way forward. In: The Digital Forensics Satellite Event for Researchers & Aacademicians - Cyber CSI / Cyber Security Malaysia Awards, Conference & Exhibition 2010,
2010	Information security in the Islamic perspective: the principles and practices. In: International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for the Muslim World (ICT4M) 2010,
2009	Corroborative intersection of the information security standards and the legal framework on data management. In: 2009 Second International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering,

Book

2023	Personal Data Protection Law (comparative study on Indonesian and Malaysian Law). Universitas Islam Indonesia, ISBN: 978-602-450-786-2
2022	Pribadi berkemajuan: memajukan Indonesia, mencerahkan semesta. Penerbit Samudra Biru, ISBN: 978-623-261-517-5
2021	Santri mengaji pandemi: refleksi, solusi dan aksi. bunga rampai pemikiran Akademisi Alumni Pesantren Darunnajah Jakarta. Mata Kata Inspirasi, ISBN: 978-623-97340-5-3
2017	Proceeding: International Conference on Law and Society. Faculty of Law & LP3M Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta (UMY), ISBN: 9786027577961

Book Section

2022	Berkemajuan itu terukur dan terstruktur. In: Penerbit Samudra Biru, ISBN: 978-623-261-517-5, pp. 2-14
2022	Masa depan PCIM Malaysia:konsolidasi, internalisasi, dan internasionalisasi. In: Penerbit Samudra Biru, ISBN: 978-623-261-517-5, pp. 357-361
2022	Pemimpin seribu wajah. In: UNISEL Press, ISBN: 978-967-25867-3-9, pp. 169-172
2022	Pemimpin seribu wajah. In: UNISEL Press, ISBN: 978-967-25867-3-9, pp. 169-172
2021	“Like, comment, share… and guilty as charged” – why social media users should relook at section 233 CMA 1998. In: Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia & AIKOL, IIUM, ISBN: 978-967-0870-87-8, pp. 187-204
2021	Advokasi hak digital di era pandemi. In: Mata Kata Inspirasi, ISBN: 978-623-97340-5-3, pp. 150-156
2021	Belajar mengelola militansi. In: UMSIDA Press, ISBN: 978-623-6292-15-0, pp. 369-371
2021	Belajar mengelola militansi. In: UMSIDA Press, ISBN: 978-623-6292-15-0, pp. 369-371
2021	Terus melangkah mengarungi pandemi. In: Mata Kata Inspirasi, ISBN: 978-623-97340-5-3, pp. 325-330
2019	Cryptocurrencies and anti-money laundering laws: the need for an integrated approach. In: Emerald Publishing Limited, ISBN: 978-1-78973-546-8, pp. 247-263
2019	Cryptocurrencies and anti-money laundering laws: the need for an integrated approach. In: Emerald Publishing Limited, ISBN: 978-1-78973-546-8, pp. 247-263
2018	Information asset as property: a legal perspective. In: Springer, Singapore, ISBN: 978-981-10-6276-6, pp. 371-381
2018	Right of privacy in the digital age: legal challenges in the Malaysian judicial landscape. In: USIM Press, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, ISBN: 978-967-440-588-5, pp. 179-189
2014	Information asset as property: a legal perspective . In: Satyam Law International , ISBN: 9789382823087, pp. 397-408
2014	Information asset as property: a legal perspective . In: Satyam Law International , ISBN: 9789382823087, pp. 397-408
2013	Fighting cyberterrorism with legislative bullet: are we really ready?. In: International Association of IT lawyers (IAITL), ISBN: 9788799485437, pp. 65-79
2013	Integrating information security policies into domestic legislation: the Malaysian experience. In: International Association of IT lawyers (IAITL), ISBN: 9788799485437, pp. 221-235
2013	Right to privacy: development, cases and commentaries. In: Thomson Reuters (Sweet & Maxwell) Malaysia, ISBN: 9789670498133, pp. 445-465
2012	دورالإدارة الرّقابي في تفعيل وتطوير الإدارة الإلكترونية. In: Institute of Public Administration, ISBN: 978-9960-14-215-9, pp. 727-750
2011	Right to privacy in Malaysia : development,cases and commentaries. In: IIUM Press, ISBN: 9789670225753, pp. 459-486
2011	The law of electronic contract in Malaysia: issues and challenges. In: IIUM Press, ISBN: 9789670225432, pp. 215-248
2010	Menata masyarakati informasi Indonesia melalui kerjasama pengaturan konten internet ("co-regulating the internet content for a better Indonesian information society"). In: Matan Press, ISBN: 978-979-990042-3-2, pp. 305-328
2010	Menata masyarakati informasi Indonesia melalui kerjasama pengaturan konten internet ("co-regulating the internet content for a better Indonesian information society"). In: Matan Press, ISBN: 978-979-990042-3-2, pp. 305-328

Monograph

2019	Formulating the legal and institutional framework for elimination of terrorism financing in Malaysia (FRGS16-012-0511). In: ,