Staff Directory


Azrina Binti Md. Ralib

Academic Qualifications

  • Doctor of Philosophy - Doctor of Philosophy, University of Otago
  • Master of Medicine (Anaesthesiology) - Masters Degree, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM)
  • Postgraduate Diploma in Islamic Studies - Post Graduate Diploma, International Islamic University Malaysia
  • Bachelor of Science in Medical Science - Bachelor Degree, University of St Andrews
  • Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery - Bachelor Degree, University of Manchester

Azrina Binti Md. Ralib (Prof. Dr.)

Professor
IIUM Kuantan Campus

KULLIYYAH OF MEDICINE

azrinar@iium.edu.my
4676


Expert Profile


Prof. Dr. Azrina Md Ralib earned her Bachelor of Medical Science degree from the University of St. Andrews, UK, followed by her Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) from the University of Manchester, UK. After completing her undergraduate studies, she returned to Malaysia for her housemanship training. In 2002, she joined the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care as a trainee lecturer and began her anaesthesiology training at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). She completed her training in 2006, qualifying as a Clinical Specialist in Anaesthesiology, and was recognized with several awards, including the Esmeron® M.Med. Anaesthesiology USM Award for best student performance and the Research Fellowship Award from The Heart Foundation of Malaysia for her original and significant research. She pursued her doctoral studies in the area of kidney diseases in the ICU and was awarded a PhD in 2013 from the University of Otago, New Zealand.   

In recognition of her excellent research, Prof. Azrina has received numerous accolades, including the Promising Researcher Award (IIUM Quality Day 2010), the Best Indexed Journal Articles Award (IIUM Research Invention and Innovation Exhibition 2015), the Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiology Award (2015, 2016, 2017), and the Best Oral Presentation Award (Annual Scientific Meeting on Intensive Care 2015), among others. She has secured multiple research grants from bodies such as the Ministry of Higher Education, the Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiology, the Japan Society of Anaesthesiology, the World Federation Society of Anaesthesiology, and the Heart Foundation of Malaysia. Prof. Azrina has also participated in research collaborations with universities in Malaysia, Australia, and New Zealand, and has over 70 publications in ISI and Scopus indexed journals, along with more than 50 conference proceedings.   

Prof. Azrina has over 25 years of experience in undergraduate teaching in anaesthesiology and has been involved in postgraduate anaesthesiology training at the national level for the past 15 years. She has served as the chief examiner for the Part 1 Physiology Examination and as an internal examiner for Part 1 and Part 2 of the national conjoint board exam. Additionally, she was one of the core writer for the National Postgraduate Medical Curriculum for Anaesthesiology and Critical Care in Malaysia. Prof. Azrina has been officially appointed by the Malaysian Medical Council as a panel member for the Medical Specialty Program Evaluation Panel from 2023 to 2028, and as a member of the Medical Specialization Evaluation Subcommittee for Anaesthesiology and Critical Care from 2024 to 2028.   

Prof. Azrina served as the Postgraduate Programme Coordinator for Anaesthesiology from 2017 to 2021 and as the Deputy Dean (Postgraduate) at the Kulliyyah of Medicine from 2021 t0 2025. She is also a Consultant Anaesthesiologist at Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre, Kuantan.   


Area of Specialisation


  • Medical And Health ~ Medical And Health Sciences ~ Clinical Medicine ~ Anaesthesiology - Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care


Professional Membership


  • 2001 - 2017 : Member of Profesional Body / Association: (Member), Medical Research Council
  • 2005 - 2021 : Member of Profesional Body / Association: (Member), Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologist
  • 2013 - 2018 : Member of Profesional Body / Association: (Member), National Specialist Registry


Teaching Responsibilities


ANAESTHESIOLOGY 2019/2020 2018/2019 2017/2018 2016/2017 2015/2016 2014/2015 2010/2011
ANAESTHESIOLOGY AND CRITICAL CARE 2025/2026 2024/2025 2023/2024 2022/2023 2021/2022 2020/2021
BASIC ANAESTHESIA & CRITICAL CARE POSTING 2025/2026 2024/2025 2023/2024 2022/2023 2021/2022 2020/2021 2019/2020
OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014/2015
REGISTRAR (SENIOR APPRENTICESHIP) 2025/2026 2024/2025 2023/2024 2022/2023 2021/2022
RESEARCH (LITERATURE REVIEW) 2020/2021
SUBSPECIALTIES ANAESTHESIOLOGY POSTING 2025/2026 2024/2025 2023/2024 2022/2023 2021/2022 2020/2021 2019/2020
SUPSPECIALTIES ANAESTHESIOLOGY POSTING 2023/2024


Supervision


Prediction Of Sepsis Using Artificial Neural Network And Optimal Brain Surgeon .
Ph.D Completed 2021 Member Supervisory Committee
Utilising Biomarkers For Diagnosis, Outcome Prediction And Antibiotic Therapy Guidance In Sepsis.
Ph.D Completed 2020 Co-supervisor
Evaluation Of Different Extracorporeal Heamadsorption Cytokine Filters Effect On Pharmacokinetic Of Meropenam And Piperacilin-Tazobactam In Ex-Vivo And In-Vivo Setting.
Ph.D In Progress Co-supervisor
Evaluation Of Efficacy Of Sequential Compression Device For Prevention Of Hypotension After Spinal Anaesthesia In Obese Parturient Undergo Elective Caesarian Section.
Master Completed 2026 Main Supervisor
Procalcitonin And Interleukin 6 Levels As A Diagnostic Adjunct Of Community Acquired Pneumonia In Critically Ill Patients.
Master Completed 2026 Co-supervisor
Evaluation Of Efficacy Of Sequential Compression Device For Prevention Of Hypotension After Spinal Anaesthesia In Obese Parturient Undergo Elective Caesarian Section.
Master Completed 2026 Co-supervisor
Association Of Sedation Intensity With Delirium In A Malaysian Intensive Care Unit.
Master Completed 2025 Main Supervisor
Assessment Of Piperacillin/Tazobactam Plasma Concentration In Critically Ill Patients With Augmented Renal Clearance And Non-Augmented Renal Clearance.
Master Completed 2025 Co-supervisor
The Efficacy Of Left Head Rotation Manoeuvre In Simulated Adult With Difficult Airway Using Low-Fidelity Manikin In Single Centre Tertiary Hospital.
Master Completed 2025 Co-supervisor
A Comparative Study Of Different Types Of Ultrasound Probe Covers For Image Acquisition And Image Quality In Femoral Nerve Block Procedure.
Master Completed 2025 Co-supervisor
Spirometry And Handgrip Strength As A Measure Of Return Of Lung Function After General Anaesthesia.
Master Completed 2025 Co-supervisor
Effect Of Intravenous Dexamethasone In Prolonging Duration Of Spinal Anaethesia In Orthopedic Lower Limb Surgery.
Master Completed 2025 Co-supervisor
Role Of Delta Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score In Predicting Outcomes In Bacteraemia Patients With Sepsis In Intensive Care Unit.
Master Completed 2024 Main Supervisor
Comparison Of Three Prognostic Scoring In Predicting Outcome Of Acute Kidney Injury..
Master Completed 2024 Main Supervisor
Retrospective Analysis Of Complications Following Surgical Tracheostomy In Critically Ill Patients In Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre (Sasmec), Kuantan, Pahang.
Master Completed 2024 Co-supervisor
Pressure Injury Prevalence, Associated Factors And Clinical Outcome Among Adult Intensive Care Patients In A Malaysia Teaching Hospital.
Master Completed 2024 Co-supervisor
Knowledge & Awareness Of End Of Life Care Among Doctors In Intensive Care Unit In Hospital Kuala Lumpur.
Master Completed 2024 Co-supervisor
Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Towards Organ Donation And Transplantation Among Anaesthesiology Doctors In Malaysia.
Master Completed 2024 Co-supervisor
Incidence Of Acute Kidney Injury And Augmented Renal Clearance Following Surgery And Role Of Cystatin C.
Master Completed 2023 Co-supervisor
Frailty In Elderly Population Undergoing Elective Surgery And Association With Perioperative Complications.
Master Completed 2023 Co-supervisor
Accuracy In Obtaining 100mcg From 10mg Of Morphine By Dilution With Heavy Marcaine Spinal 0.5% For Intrathecal Use - Analysis Using High Performance Liquid Chromatograhy (Hplc).
Master Completed 2023 Co-supervisor
Sofa Score In Predicting Long Term Mortality In Critically Ill Patient..
Master Completed 2022 Main Supervisor
Monocyte Distribution Width In Detection Of Sepsis In Critically Ill Patients.
Master Completed 2022 Main Supervisor
Fascia Iliaca Block As An Adjunct To Pca Morphine For Postoperative Analgesia In Unilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty In Hospital Kuala Lumpur.
Master Completed 2022 Main Supervisor
Comparison Between Two Nutritional Risk Scoring Tools In Predicting 28-Day Mortality In The Elderly Critically Ill Patients.
Master Completed 2022 Co-supervisor
Estimates Of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based On Creatinine And Cystatin C Equations In Critically Ill Patients.
Master Completed 2021 Main Supervisor
The Prevalence, Risk Factors And Outcomes Of Frailty In Elderly Critically Ill Patients.
Master Completed 2021 Main Supervisor
The Impact Of Paediatric Anaesthesia Information Leaflet In Reducing Parental And Child Anxiety In Patients Undergoing Paediatric Surgery.
Master Completed 2021 Co-supervisor
Determining The Best Predictive Equation For Resting Energy Expenditure Among Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients In A Malaysian Tertiary Hospital.
Master Completed 2021 Co-supervisor
The Impact Of Indirect Calorimetry Guided Medical Feeding Protocol On Clinical Outcomes In Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients.
Master Completed 2021 Co-supervisor
Estimates Of Glomerular Filtration Rate: Comparison Of Different Creatinine Based Equations.
Master Completed 2020 Main Supervisor
The Diagnostic And Predictive Value Of Plasma Cystatin C For Acute Kidney Injury Secondary To Sepsis In Intensive Care Unit.
Master Completed 2020 Main Supervisor
Designing And Validating A Questionnaire To Evaluate Knowledge, Attitude And Practise Of Leadership Among Medical Doctors.
Master Completed 2020 Co-supervisor
Ultrasound Guided Quadratus Lumborum (Ql) Block Versus Transversus Abdominis Plane (Tap) Block For Multimodal Postoperative Analgesia After Total Abdominal Hysterectomy.
Master Completed 2020 Co-supervisor
Augmented Renal Clearance In East Coast Malaysia Intensive Care Setting: Assessment Of Prevalence, Risk Factors And Outcomes.
Master Completed 2019 Co-supervisor
Paraoxonase-1 Activities And Procalcitonin Levels In Sepsis And Non-Infectious Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Patients In The Intensive Care Unit Setting Of Tengku Ampuan Afzan Hospital Kuantan .
Master Completed 2017 Co-supervisor
Plasma Il-6 As A Potential Predictive Biomarker For Postoperative Delirium In Elderly Patients.
Master In Progress Main Supervisor
To Be Determined.
Master In Progress Main Supervisor
Comparison Of Modified Nutric Score, Modified Nutric S2 And Nutric-Crpscore In Predicticting 28 Day Mortality In Septic Patients In Critical Care..
Master In Progress Main Supervisor
Tbd.
Master In Progress Main Supervisor
Tbd.
Master In Progress Main Supervisor
Emergence Agitation (Ea) Among Adult Patients And Its Association Factors - A Prospective Observational Study In A Teaching Hospital.
Master In Progress Co-supervisor
The Pain Score And Satisfactory Level For Patients Undergoing Tonsillectomy Using Opioid-Free Anaesthesia Method.
Master In Progress Co-supervisor
Evaluation Of Virtual Reality Distraction Techniques On Pain And Anxiety Levels During Regional Anaesthesia In Parturient.
Master In Progress Co-supervisor


Research Projects


Completed
2022 - 2024 Prototype development of a Smart Nutrition Monitoring System, 'Nutrire' for Providing Adequate Nutrition in Intensive Care Units
2021 - 2022 Development of Virtual Patient Model for Mechanical Ventilated Respiratory Failure Patient
2020 - 2024 A MULTI-CENTRE STUDY ON THE INCIDENCE OF PERIOPERATIVE ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY AND THE IMPACT OF AUGMENTED RENAL CLEARANCE ON SURGICAL PATIENTS
2019 - 2022 Profiling the Static and Dynamic Estimates of Glomerular Filtration Rate Equations Based on Creatinine and Cystatin C in Critically Ill Patients in the Malaysian Setting
2018 - 2022 A Novel Particle Swarm Optimization with Levy Flight Algorithm for Imputation of Missing Creatinine Value.
2016 - 2020 "The Calorie Optimization Study with Indirect Calorimetry in Critically ill Patients: Development of Feeding Protocol in Intensive Care"
2015 - 2018 Development of Glomerular Filtration Rate Monitor Based on Creatinine Kinetic Modelling in Critically Ill Patients
2014 - 2016 The Diagnostic And Predictive Performance Of Plasma Neutrophil-Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin In Critically III Patients With Systematic Inflammatory Syndrome, Sepsis And Acute Kidney Injury.
2011 - 2013 RU 2011 -Diagnostic value of procalcitonin, C-reactive protient, Interleukin-8 in critically ill patients admitted with suspected sepsis.
2010 - 2011 Handbook on Acute Pain Management Service
2009 - 2012 Anaesthesiology for Medical Undergraduates (2nd Edition)
2009 - 2010 A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo- Controlled, Phase -2b Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of ART-123 on Subjects with Sepsis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, a phase 2b Study
2009 - Randomized Control trial Study of the I-Gel and ProSeal Laryngeal Mask Airway in Unparalysed Anaesthetized Patients
2009 - 2011 Manual for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
2009 - Survey on Routine Intraoperative Temperature Management Practices in Operation Theatre of the Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan and Hospital Sultanah Zahirah, Kuala Terengganu
2008 - 2012 Procalcitonin (PCT) as a Highly Sensitive and Specific Sepsis Marker in the Adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
On-Going
2025 - Present Optimising Diagnostic and Predictive Models for Acute Kidney Injury and Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients: A Comprehensive Approach Using Multivariate Regression and Machine Learning
2022 - Present Evaluating the Biomarker Kinetics and Haemodynamic Effects of Endotoxin Absorption and Cytokine Removal Hemofilters on Severe Septic Shock Patients
2021 - Present Determining and Modelling the Fundamental Factors Affecting the Outcome of Intensive Care Treatment in Elderly Patients in Malaysia
2020 - Present Formulation of a Non-Linear Respiratory Elastance Demand in Interpreting the Lung Mechanics of Spontaneously Breathing Mechanically Ventilated Patients
2020 - Present Mechanism of Insulin Secretion in Blood Glucose - Insulin Control System among Diabetes Mellitus Patients
2017 - Present The Effect of Holy Quran Recitation on Physiological Stress Response in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
2015 - Present Development of A Model-based Algorithm for Blood Glucose Control in Malaysian Intensive Care Unit Patients
2015 - Present Modelling of incretin machanism in glucose-insulin control system
2015 - Present Design, Safety and Efficacy of an MPC Controller in a High-Rate Occupancy ICU
2013 - Present Development of a New Comprehensive Model-based Controller using Aduino and Android Applications in Intensive Critical Unit, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan
2008 - Present Perception of the Final Year Medical Students Towards the Islamic Input Medical Program of Kulliyyah of Medicine, IIUM
- A Model based Analysis on the interrelationship of Diabetic Status,Glycaemic Control Variability within Critically ill


Awards & Recognition


18 Aug, 2017 Best Oral Presentation - Annual Scientific Meeting on the Intensive Care (ASMIC) National
10 Aug, 2017 Best Poster Award (Clincial Medicine Category) - Medical Research Symposium 2017 National
10 Aug, 2017 First Runner-up Best For Oral Presentation Award (Clinical Medicine Category) - Medical Research Symposium 2017 National
30 Apr, 2017 Best Poster Presentation (Second Prize) - Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiology National
30 Apr, 2017 Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiology Award 2017 - Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiology National
30 Apr, 2017 Best Poster Award (Second Prize) 2017 - Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologist National
01 Jan, 2017 Contribution for IIUM MyRA 5 star rating - IIUM University
27 Aug, 2016 Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologist 2016 Award - Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologist National
11 Oct, 2015 Best Paper Award - Malaysian Technical Universities Conference on Engineering and Technology (MUCET 2015) National
30 Sep, 2015 Department Best Indexed Journal Articles - IIUM Research Invention and Innovation Exhibition 2015 University
13 Jun, 2015 Best Paper Award - Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiology National
23 Sep, 2013 Best Oral Presentation - Malaysian Society of Intensive Care Medicine National
31 Aug, 2011 Finalist in the Three Minute Thesis Competition - University of Otago University
01 Aug, 2011 The Best Contestant with Primary Supervision from Christchurch Campus in the Christchurch Three Minute Thesis Competition Heat - University of Otago Christchurch University
01 Oct, 2010 Promising Researcher Award - University
09 Mar, 2010 Quality Award - IIUM Promising Researcher Award University
29 Jun, 2006 MMed Anaesthesiology USM Award 2006 - Universiti Sains Malaysia University
30 Apr, 2004 Research Fellowship Award - The Heart Foundation of Malaysia National
01 Jul, 1993 Katharine MacDonald Prize for Medical Microbiology - University of St Andrews, Scotland University


Publications


Articles

2025 Artificial intelligence in anaesthesiology, intensive care, and pain medicine: opportunities for a digital future. Malaysian Journal of Anaesthesiology, 4 (2) pp. 79-82
2025 Comparative analysis of intensive care unit prognostication scores and their renal components in predicting hospital mortality among critically ill patients. Malaysian Journal of Anaesthesiology, 4 (2) pp. 157-176
2025 Development and validation of creatinine-based estimates of the glomerular filtration rate equation from chromium EDTA imaging in the multiracial Malaysian population. Malaysian Journal of Anaesthesiology, 4 () pp. 25-37
2025 High-flow nasal oxygen therapy in preventing post-extubation hypoxaemia and postoperative pulmonary complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diagnostics, 15 (19) pp. 1-15
2025 Radiographical assessment of injectable calcium phosphate bone cement (osteopaste) in critical size bone defects of rabbit's tibia model. Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal, 19 (2) pp. 31-39
2023 High flow nasal oxygen therapy in preventing post Extubation Hy-Poxaemia and postoperative pulmonary complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. MyJA 1-2 Supplement: MYANAESTHESIA 2023 Abstract Book, 2 (2 (Suppl)) pp. 72-72
2023 National postgraduate medical curriculum: enhancing anaesthesiology training in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Anaesthesiology, 2 (2) pp. 113-117
2023 Successful utilization of blood purification therapy with Oxiris® haemofilter for the management of severe leptospirosis with multiorgan involvement: a case report. Malaysian Journal of Anaesthesiology, 2 (2) pp. 173-181
2022 Comparison of various creatinine-based estimates of glomerular filtration rate equations in the Malaysian setting. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 77 (6) pp. 684-688
2022 Diagnostic and prognostic performance of serial creatinine, Cystatin c and Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin in for acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with sepsis. Malaysian Journal of Anaesthesiology, 1 (2 (Supp)) pp. 73-74
2022 Estimates of glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine and cystatin C equations in critically ill patients: eGFR creatinine and cystatin C in ICU. Journal of Clinical and Translational Nephrology, 2 (1) pp. 1-11
2022 Estimates of glomerular filtration rate in critically ill patients with sepsis: comparisons of different equations. International Medical Journal of Malaysia, 21 (2) pp. 115-120
2022 Monocyte distribution width in the detection of sepsis and prediction of mortality in critically ill patients. Malaysian Journal of Anaesthesiology, 1 (2) pp. 88-104
2022 Point-of-care procalcitonin to guide the discontinuation of antibiotic treatment in the intensive care unit: a Malaysian randomised controlled trial. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 18 (6) pp. 65-71
2022 Sepsis and Its impact on outcomes in elderly patients admitted to a Malaysian intensive care unit. The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (MJMS), 29 (3) pp. 145-150
2022 Serial evaluation of sequential organ failure assessment score in predicting 1-year mortality in critically Ill patients. International Medical Journal of Malaysia, 21 (3) pp. 50-56
2022 The utility of the creatinine excretion to production ratio and the plasma creatinine and cystatin C based kinetic estimates of glomerular filtration rates in critically ill patients with sepsis. Indian Journal of Nephrology, Ahead of print () pp.
2022 Value-based medicine and precision medicine in anaesthesia. Malaysian Journal of Anaesthesiology, 1 (2) pp. 73-76
2021 A machine learning approach to assess magnitude of asynchrony breathing. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 66 () pp. 1-9
2021 A particle swarm optimization levy flight algorithm for imputation of missing creatinine dataset. International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics, 7 (2) pp. 225-236
2021 Development and Validation of Creatinine-Based Estimates of the Glomerular Filtration Rate Equation from 99mTc-DTPA Imaging in the Malaysian Setting. International Journal of Nephrology, 2021 () pp. 1-8
2021 Model-based insulin sensitivity as a new biomarker of sepsis diagnosis in the intensive care unit. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia (IMJM), 20 (2) pp. 19-26
2020 Assessment of glycemic control protocol (STAR) through compliance analysis amongst Malaysian ICU patients. Medical Devices: Evidence and Research, 13 (1) pp. 139-149
2020 Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin measured on clinical laboratory platforms for the prediction of acute kidney injury and the associated need for dialysis therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Kidney Disease, 76 (6) pp. 826-841
2020 Patient asynchrony modelling during controlled mechanical ventilation therapy. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 183 () pp. 1-12
2019 Assessing SB effort via a non-invasive model-based method in mechanically ventilated patients in Malaysian ICU hospital. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 15 (3) pp. 1232-1240
2019 Derivation of a new bioscore for predicting mortality in sepsis. International Medical Journal Malaysia, 18 (1) pp. 81-88
2019 Determination of favorable blood glucose target range for stochastic TARgeted (STAR) glycemic control in Malaysia. Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 15 (1) pp. 133-141
2019 Model-based glyceic control in a Malaysian intensive care unit: performance and safety study. Medical Devices: Evidence and Research, 2019 (12) pp. 215-226
2019 Model-based glycemic control in a Malaysian intensive care unit: performance and safety study. Medical Devices: Evidence and Research, 2019 () pp. 215-226
2019 Probabilistic glycemic control decision support in icu: proof of concept using Bayesian network. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering), 81 (2) pp. 61-69
2019 STAR protocol for critically ill patients in Malaysia: ICU staff survey and human factor assessment. IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing, 8 (5) pp. 385-393
2019 Study on the blood glucose management with controlled goal feed in Malaysian critically ill patients. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 469 (2019) pp. 1-10
2019 Validation of the 28-day mortality prognostic performance of the modified nutrition risk in critically ill score in a Malaysian intensive care unit. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition, 25 (3) pp. 413-421
2018 A machine learning model for real-time asynchronous breathing monitoring. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51 (27) pp. 378-383
2018 Acute kidney injury in Malaysian intensive care setting: incidences, risk factors and outcome. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 22 (12) pp. 831-835
2018 Assessing mechanical ventilation asynchrony through iterative airway pressure reconstruction. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 157 () pp. 217-224
2018 Clinical application of respiratory elastance (CARE trial) for mechanically ventilated respiratory failure patients: a model-based study. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 51 (27) pp. 209-214
2018 Derivation of a new bioscore for predicting mortality in sepsis. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 17 (Supplementary Issue no. 1) pp. 40-40
2018 Inadvertent puncture of right vertebral artery during central venous line catheter insertion. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 17 (Supplementary Issue 1) pp. 97
2018 Levels and diagnostic value of model-based insulin sensitivity in sepsis: a preliminary study. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 22 (6) pp. 402-407
2018 Performance of stochastic targeted blood glucose control protocol by virtual trials in the Malaysian intensive care unit. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 162 () pp. 149-155
2018 Point-of-care procalcitonin guidance to reduce antibiotic use in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 17 (Supp 1) pp. 26-26
2018 Refeeding hypophosphataemia after enteral nutrition in a Malaysian intensive care unit: risk factors and outcome. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 27 (2) pp. 329-335
2018 Sepsis mortality score for the prediction of mortality in septic patients. Journal of Critical Care, 43 () pp. 163-168
2018 The effects of Holy Quran recitation on physiological stress response in mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients: a pilot study. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 17 (Supplementary 1) pp. 65-65
2018 The diagnostic and predictive value of plasma Cystatin C in acute kidney injury secondary to sepsis in the Intensive Care Unit. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 17 (Supplement 1) pp. 23-23
2018 Virtual trial of glycaemic control performance and nursing workload assessment in diabetic critically ill patients. International Journal of Engineering and Technology(UAE), 7 (4) pp. 54-58
2017 Dynamic changes of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin predicted mortality in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 21 (1) pp. 23-29
2017 Estimates of glomerular filtration rate in the critically ill with sepsis. Kidney International Reports, 2 (4) pp. S33-S34
2017 Estimation of plasma insulin and endogenous insulin secretion in critically ill patients using intensive control insulin-nutrition-glucose model. Advanced Science Letters, 23 (6) pp. 5510-5514
2017 Performance of glycemic control protocol and virtual trial. Advanced Science Letters, 23 (6) pp. 5415-5418
2017 Plasma neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin diagnosed acute kidney injury in patients with systemic inflammatory disease and sepsis. Nephrology, 22 (5) pp. 412-419
2017 Prevalence of acute kidney injury and sepsis in a Malaysian intensive care setting. Kidney International Reports, 2 (4 ( Supplement )) pp. 062-062
2017 Sepsis mortality score using multi-marker approach for the prediction of mortality in septic critically ill patients. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 16 (Supplement 1) pp. 36-36
2017 Validating a lower urine output criteria in predicting death in critically ill patients. The International Medical Journal of Malaysia, 16 (1) pp. 45-52
2016 Feasibility of an intensive control insulin-nutrition glucose model ‘icing’ with Malaysian critically-ill patient. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 8 (Supplement 2) pp. 40-42
2016 High frequency oscillatory ventilation in leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage: A case series. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine, 20 (6) pp. 342-348
2016 Mathematical modeling of glucose-insulin system behavior in Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan intensive care unit patients. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11 (18) pp. 10899 -10903
2016 Procalcitonin and Interleukin-6 for predicting culture negative and culture positive bacterial sepsis in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. International Medical Journal Malaysia, 15 (Supplement issue) pp. 85
2016 The diagnostic ability of procalcitonin and interleukin-6 to differentiate infectious from noninfectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome and to predict mortality. Journal of Critical Care, 33 () pp. 245-251
2016 The impact of fluid balances in the first 48 hours on mortality in the critically ill patients. International Medical Journal Malaysia, 15 (1) pp. 13-18
2015 Acute kidney injury in a Malaysian intensive care unit: assessment of incidence, risk factors and outcome. Journal of Critical Care, 30 (3) pp. 636-642
2015 Refeeding hypophosphataemia in a Malaysian intensive care unit: incidence, risk factors and outcomes. Brunei International Medical Journal, 11 (2) pp. 65-73
2014 Procalcitonin clearance for early prediction of survival in critically ill patients with severe sepsis. Critical Care Research and Practice, 2014 (819034) pp. 1-7
2014 The clinical utility window for acute kidney injury biomarkers in the critically ill. Critical Care, 18 (601) pp. 1-12
2013 Combining creatinine and volume kinetics identifies missed cases of acute kidney injury following cardiac arrest. Critical Cara, 17 (1) pp. R7 (1)-R7 (18)
2013 High-dose intravenous epoetin does not increase blood pressure in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Clinical Nephrology, 79 (5) pp. 370-379
2013 Procalcitonin as a sepsis marker: experience of an intensive care setting in Malaysia. Brunei International Medical Journal, 9 (4) pp. 243-252
2013 The urine output definition of acute kidney injury is too liberal. Critical Cara, 79 (5) pp. 370-379
2012 Hypophosphatemia in the Intensive Care Unit: Incidence, Predictors and Management. The International Medical Journal Malaysia, 11 (1) pp. 31-36
2012 Test characteristics of urinary biomarkers depend on quantitation method in acute kidney injury. Journal of American Society of Nephrology, 23 (2) pp. 322-333
2012 Transient Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is common following significant kidney hypoperfusion. Nephrology, 17 (Supp.2) pp. 54
2011 Acute high-dose intravenous epoetin did not increase blood pressure in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, 22 () pp. 296A-297A
2011 New considerations in the design of clinical trials of acute kidney injury. Clinical Investigation, 1 (5) pp. 637-650
2010 High frequency oscillating ventilation (HFOV) in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): a case report . The Internal Medical Journal, 9 (1) pp. 51-54
2009 A case series of the use of High Frequency Oscillating Ventilation (HFOV) in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in Adult ICU of the Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Kuantan . ASEAN Journal of Anaesthesiology, 10 (supp 1) pp. 47
2009 Central pontine melinosis resulting in quadriplegia in alcohol withdrawal . ASEAN Journal of Anaesthesiology, 10 (Spec) pp. 150
2009 Central pontine myelinosis resulting in quadriplegis in alcohol withdrawal . ASEAN Journal of Anaesthesiology, 10 () pp. 150
2009 Continuous spinal anesthesia for lower limb surgery in patient with poor left ventricular function. ASEAN Journal of Anaesthesiology, 10 (Suppl ) pp. 167
2009 Smoker desaturation during general anaesthesia: a case report. International Medical Journal Malaysia, 8 (1) pp. 61-63
2007 A comparative study of dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit. International Medical Journal Malaysia, 6 (2) pp. 1-17
2007 Oral Analgesia 24 hours after major operation: A Comparative Study Of Oral Calecoxib and Tramadol in Patients Undergoing Major Gynaecological Operation. ASEAN Jounal of Anaesthesiology, 8 (1) pp. 59-65
2007 Oral analgesic 24 hours after major operation: a comparative study of oral celecoxib and tramadol in patients undergoing major gynaecological operation . Asean Journal of Anaesthesiology, 8 () pp. 57-63
Conference or Workshop Items

2022 Development and validation of creatinine-based estimates of the Glo- Merular Filtration rate equation from Chromium Edta Imaging in the multi-racial Malaysian population. In: Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiology Annual Scientific Meeting 2022,
2022 Prevalence and factors associated with augmented renal clearance after surgery. In: 23rd General Scientific Meeting of Singapore Society of Anaesthesiologists,
2022 Prognostic utility of monocyte distribution width in critically ill patients. In: Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiology Annual Scientific Meeting 2022,
2022 Role of Cystatin C in predicting acute kidney injury after surgery. In: 23rd General Scientific Meeting of Singapore Society of Anaesthesiologists,
2021 A comparison of Thoracic Bioimpedance and Pulse Contour analysis in cardiac output monitoring in critically ill. In: Annual Scientific Congress for the Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists & College of Anaesthesiologists,
2021 Classification patient-ventilator asynchrony with dual-input convolutional neural network. In: 11th IFAC Symposium on Biological and Medical Systems BMS 2021,
2021 Development and validation of estimates of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) equations in the Malaysian setting. In: Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists Annual Scientific Meeting 2021,
2021 Estimates of glomerular filtration rate based on creatinine and cystatin c equations in critically ill patients. In: 4th Kuantan Research Day 2020,
2021 Estimates of Glomerular Filtration Rate: comparison of different creatinine based equations. In: Annual Scientific Congress for the Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologist and College of Anaesthesiologist,
2021 Perioperative strategies for renal protection. In: 17th World Congress of Anaesthesiologist,
2021 Serial Evaluation Of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score In Predicting 1-Year Mortality In Critically Ill Patients. In: Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists Annual Scientific Congress 2021,
2021 The Impact Of Indirect Calorimetry Guided Feeding Protocol On Clinical Outcomes In Critically Ill Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial (The Ic Study). In: Kuantan Research Day 2020: A National Online Event for E-poster Presentation,
2021 The Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes of Frailty in Elderly Critically Ill Patients. In: 4th Kuantan Research Day 2020,
2020 Bone-graft interface in New Zealand White rabbit’s model: a novel Malaysian-made biomaterial, “osteopaste”. In: Malaysia Terchnology Expo 2020,
2020 Mechanical ventilation monitoring: development of a network data acquisition system. In: 21st IFAC World Congress,
2020 Model comparison of estimated glomerular filtration rate for acute kidney injury in intensive care unit. In: 5th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Research 2019,
2020 Mortality prediction in critically ill patients using machine learning score. In: 5th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Research 2019,
2020 Virtual mechanical ventilation protocol – a model-based method to determine MV settings. In: 21st IFAC World Congress 2020,
2019 Assessment of Malaysian ICU staff perceptions towards STAR glycaemic control protocol. In: 2018 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON 2018),
2019 Insulin sensitivity and blood glucose level of sepsis patients in the intensive care unit. In: 2018 IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, IECBES 2018,
2018 Blood glucose and sepsis score on sepsis patients requiring insulin therapy. In: 2nd International Conference for Innovation in Biomedical Engineering and Life Sciences, ICIBEL 2017,
2018 Decision support for parenteral nutrition supplementation in ICU using model-based glycemic control protocol. In: 2nd International Conference for Innovation in Biomedical Engineering and Life Sciences, ICIBEL 2017,
2018 Investigation of glucose-insulin model efficacy for diabetes patient in the ICU. In: 2nd International Conference for Innovation in Biomedical Engineering and Life Sciences, ICIBEL 2017,
2018 Model iterative airway pressure reconstruction during mechanical ventilation asynchrony: shapes and sizes of reconstruction. In: 2nd International Conference for Innovation in Biomedical Engineering and Life Sciences (ICIBEL 2017) in conjunction with APCMBE 2017,
2018 Model-based insulin-nutrition administration for glycemic control in Malaysian critical care: First pilot trial. In: 2nd International Conference for Innovation in Biomedical Engineering and Life Sciences, ICIBEL 2017,
2017 Augmented renal clearance in critically ill patients with sepsis: prevalence, risk factors and outcome. In: Medical Research Symposium 2017,
2017 Comparison between different equations for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with kinetic estimates of GFR in the critically ill. In: Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiology Annual Scientific Meeting 2017,
2017 Derivation of a multi-biomarker model and score as a predictor of 30-day mortality in critically ill sepsis patients: A prospective cohort study. In: Malaysian Society Anaesthesiology Annual Scientific Meeting 2017,
2017 Efficacy and safety of SPRINT and STAR protocol on Malaysian critically-ill patients. In: 2016 IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES),
2017 Estimates of glomerular filtration rate by the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration equations best correlates with kinetic estimates of glomerular filtration rates in the critically ill. In: Medical Research Symposium 2017,
2017 Model-based insulin sensitivity for early diagnosis of sepsis in critical care. In: Annual Scientific Meeting on Intensive Care (ASMIC 2017) : 1st Asian Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation Forum,
2017 Plasma cystatin C and estimates of glomerular filtration rate using cystatin C independently diagnosed acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with sepsis. In: Medical Research Symposium 2017,
2017 Prevalence of augmented renal clearance in a Malaysian intensive care setting. In: Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiology Annual Scientific Meeting 2017,
2016 Estimation of plasma insulin and endogenous insulin secretion in critically ill patients using ICING model. In: International Conference on Computer, Communication, and Control Technology (I4CT 2014),
2016 Feasibility of an intensive control insulin-nutrition glucose model ‘icing’ with Malaysian critically-ill patient. In: 2016 Asia Pacific Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering Society Copenhagen Conferences (APCBEES),
2016 Implementation of a prototype glomerular filtration rate application to monitor creatinine kinetic dynamics in critically ill patients. In: 2016 IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES),
2016 Performance of blood glucose management protocols in HTAA intensive care unit. In: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS),,
2016 Performance of STAR virtual trials for diabetic and non-diabetic in HTAA Intensive Care Unit. In: 2016 IEEE EMBS Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Sciences (IECBES),
2016 Refeeding syndrome in a Malaysian intensive care unit: an assessment of incidence, risk factors and outcome. In: Annual Scientific Congress 2016 of the Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists and the 13th Obstetric Society of Anaesthesiologists Symposium,
2016 Serial measurement of plasma neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin in mortality prediction in critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory disease and sepsis. In: Annual Scientific Congress 2016 of the Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists & Obstetric Anaesthesia Satellite Meeting,
2015 Acute kidney injury in a Malaysian Intensive Care Unit: incidence, risk factors and outcome. In: 3rd Singapore-ANZICS Intensive Care Forum 2015 (SG-ANZIC),
2015 Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin best diagnosed acute kidney injury in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis . In: Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists & College of Anaesthesiologists Annual Scientific Congress 2015 & 13th Asian Society of Paediatric Anaesthesiologists Congress,
2015 Urine output in diagnosing acute kidney injury and predicting mortality. In: Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists & College of Anaesthesiologists Annual Scientific Congress 2015 & 13th Asian Society of Paediatric Anaesthesiologists Congress,
2014 Acute kidney injury (AKI) in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan Kuantan (HTAA): Incidence, risk factors and outcome. In: 8th National Conference for Clinical Research 2014,
2013 Earlier measurement of biomarkers does not enhance detection of acute kidney injury following significant kidney hypoperfusion. In: World Congress of Nephrology 2013,
2013 Early procalcitonin dynamics in critically ill patients with sepsis in a tertiary ICU. In: 11th Congress of the World Federation of Societies of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine,
2013 The impact of fluid overload on mortality and acute kidney injury. In: World Congress of Nephrology,
2013 Urine output criteria in prediction of mortality or dialysis requirements in the critically ill. In: World Congress of Nephrology 2013,
2012 Early plasma increase in creatinine following significant kidney hypoperfusion. In: Translational Nephrology: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics, Meeting of the Renal Scientists, Australia and New Zealand Society of Nephrology, in conjunction with The Kidney in Health and Disease Research Theme, University of Chicago,
2011 A study on incidence, predictors and management of hypophosphaemia in a Malaysian ICU. In: Annual Scientific Meeting on Intensive Care,
2011 The utility of biomarker excretion rates in acute kidney injury. In: World Congress of Nephrology 2011,
2010 Do clinical experience affects competency evaluation using Human Patient Simulator (HPS)? . In: 13th Asian Australasian Congress of Anaesthesiologists,
2010 Randomized, control trial study of the i-GelTM and ProSeal LMA in anesthetized, non paralyzed patients. In: 13th Asian Australasian Congress of Anaesthesiologists,
2010 Survey on knowledge and practice of intraoperative temperature management. In: 13th Asian Australasian Congress of Anaesthesiologists,
2009 Smoker desaturation during general anaesthesia: a case report. In: 16th Asean Congress of Anaesthesiologist & 7th National Conference on Intensive Care,
2007 The use of high-fidelity patient simulation in training healthcare professionals: a proposal for co-operation between the university and Ministry of Health, Malaysia. In: Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists & College of Anaesthesiologists Annual Scientific Meeting 2007,
2005 A comparative study of dexmedetomidine and propofol for sedation in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit. In: 3rd National Conference on Intensive Care,
2004 APACHE II severity scoring system: evaluating its role in intensive care unit of the Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital. In: 12th Congress of Asia Pacific Association of Respiratory Care (APARC 2004),
2004 Descriptive study on the usage of patient-controlled analgesia morphine in post open heart surgery patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. In: 12th Congress of Asia Pacific Association of Respiratory Care,
Books

2023 Anaesthesiology & Critical Care Postgraduate Training in Malaysia : training curriculum. Majlis Dekan Fakulti Perubatan Universiti Awam Malaysia, UM, ISBN:
2023 Anaesthesiology & critical care postgraduate training in Malaysia: guide for applicants version 1, 2023. Majlis Dekan Fakulti Perubatan Universiti Awam Malaysia, UM, ISBN:
2021 Malaysian society of anaesthesiologists year book 2020/2021. Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists, ISBN: 2462-1307
2018 A cardiopulmonary resuscitation guide for healthcare providers. Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, ISBN: 978-983-44569-2-4
2018 A cardiopulmonary resuscitation guide for healthcare providers. Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, ISBN: 978-983-44569-2-4
2018 A cardiopulmonary resuscitation guide for healthcare providers. Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, ISBN: 978-983-44569-2-4
2018 A cardiopulmonary resuscitation guide for healthcare providers. Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Kulliyyah of Medicine, International Islamic University Malaysia, ISBN: 978-983-44569-2-4
2017 Paraoxonase-1 activities and procalcitonin levels in sepsis and non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome patients in a tertiary intensive care unit. IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia, ISBN: 978-967-418-735-4
2014 Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists Year Book 2013/2014. Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists, ISBN:
2012 A cardiopulmonary resuscitation guide for healthcare providers. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, ISBN: 978-983-44569-0-0
2012 A cardiopulmonary resuscitation guide for healthcare providers. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, ISBN: 978-983-44569-0-0
2012 A cardiopulmonary resuscitation guide for healthcare providers. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, ISBN: 978-983-44569-0-0
2012 Essential anesthesiology for healthcare professionals. Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, ISBN: 983-44569-0-0
Book Sections

2022 Study on the enhancement of Malaysian ICU centre and introduction of STAR performance. In: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, ISBN: 978-981-16-4114-5, pp. 63-73
2021 Evolution and assessment of biomarkers in perioperative and critical care medicine. In: Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists, ISBN: , pp. 31-40
Monograph

2024 Guideline on credit value and student learning time calculation for medical specialty programmes. In: Majlis Dekan Fakulti Perubatan Universiti Awam Malaysia (MDFPUAM),
2018 Development of glomerular filtration rate monitor based on creatinine kinetic modelling in critically ill patients. In: ,
2014 Biomarkers of acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit. In: Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiology,