Anis Najiha Ahmad is currently an Assistant Professor at the International Institute of Halal Research and Training (INHART), IIUM. She graduated from Universiti Sains Malaysia with a B.Sc. in Food Technology (Hons) in 2008 and an M.Sc. in Food Technology in 2012. Her master's thesis, "Development of chromatography methods for the determination of ethanol halal limits in selected foods and drinks," focused on the development of routine methods for ethanol quantification and the determination of alcohol limits in halal certification. During her doctoral studies, she decided to go the opposite direction, from hard-analytical detection to a soft management approach—addressing challenges to ensure the halal and wholesome state of food production. Her PhD thesis focuses on the development of an instrument that assesses the enablers that lead to the effectiveness of halal food management systems in SMEs. Her current work focuses on a broad range of topics in the fields of halal food quality and safety management, halal consumer behaviour, whistle-blowing, and core competencies in the halal industry. She has published multiple journal articles, several book chapters and presented her research outputs at various conferences. She is actively involved as an editorial member and has served as a reviewer for various peer reviewed journals. She is one of the certified Professional Junior Trainers for Atlas.ti, one of the well-known computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS). 

• Economics, Business And Management ~ Economics, Business And Management ~ Marketing ~ Halal Food Marketing - halal
• Agricultural ~ Agricultural Science And Technology ~ Food Sciences and Nutrition ~ Food Analysis - food technology

FINAL YEAR PROJECT I	2024/2025
HALAL INDUSTRY ECOSYSTEM	2024/2025
HALAL LOGISTICS	2025/2026
HALAL LOGISTICS AND SERVICES	2025/2026
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY for HALAL STUDIES	2024/2025
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY FOR HALAL STUDIES	2025/2026 2024/2025

Halalan-Toyyiban Concept As Religious-Based Digital Intervention Tool To Improve Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude And Dietary Practices Among Iium Students. Ph.D Completed 2025 Main Supervisor

Investigating Factors Influencing Intention To Purchase Halal Food Products Among Iranian Muslim Consumers In Malaysia. Ph.D Completed 2024 Main Supervisor

Developing And Validating Halal Compliance Rating As A Performance Appraisal Tool For Halal-Certified Restaurants In Malaysia. Ph.D Completed 2024 Main Supervisor

Exploring The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Motivations And Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Of Pondokstay Performance. Ph.D In Progress Co-supervisor

A New Model Of Islamic Lean Six Sigma In Enchancing Efficiency In Global Halal Supply Chain. Ph.D In Progress Co-supervisor

Exploring The Dynamics Of Halal Food Consumption In Australia: Insights Into Consumer Behavior And Market Challenges. Ph.D In Progress Co-supervisor

A Qualitative Study On Factors Influencing Whistle-Blowing Intentions In Malaysian Halal Food Companies. Master Completed 2025 Main Supervisor

Developing Core Competencies Index For Halal Executive In Malaysian Food Company. Master Completed 2025 Main Supervisor

Assessing The Output Of Funding For Halal-Related Research Projects In Iium. Master Completed 2025 Co-supervisor

Factors Affecting Consumers' Intention To Purchase Halal Nutraceuticals In Kelantan, Malaysia . Master Completed 2025 Co-supervisor

Female Non-Muslim Purchase Intentions Of Modest Fashion Products In Malaysia. Master Completed 2025 Co-supervisor

A Core Competency Model For Halal Executives In Food Manufacturing Companies. Master Completed 2024 Main Supervisor

Whistleblowing Intentions Among Employees In Halal Food Companies: An Application Of The Ethical Climate Theory. Master Completed 2024 Main Supervisor

A Study On Core Competencies Model For Muslim-Friendly Tour Guide In Tourism Industry. Master Completed 2024 Co-supervisor

Determinant Of Whistleblowing Intention Among Employees In Malaysian Halal Certified Food Manufacturing Companies. Master Completed 2023 Main Supervisor

The Revealing Agarwood-Based Prescription(S) For Anti-Proliferation Activity Documented In Malay Medical Manuscripts. Master Completed 2023 Co-supervisor

Limiting Factors For Efficient Cold Chain Management In Halal Food Industry. Master Completed 2023 Co-supervisor

The Framework Of Islamic Value-Based Productivity In Malaysia. Master Completed 2023 Co-supervisor

Awareness Of Halalan Toyyiban, Halal Assurance System (Has) Practice, Export Readiness And Food Smes' Business Performance In East Coast Regison, Malaysia. Master Completed 2022 Main Supervisor

Identifying The Enablers And Barriers For Implementation Of Halal Meat Supply Chain At Jombang Indonesia. Master Completed 2022 Main Supervisor

Factors Influencing Muslims' Purchase Intention Of Halal-Certified Over-The-Counter (Otc) Medicines In Bekasi, Indonesia. Master Completed 2022 Co-supervisor

Factors Influencing Malaysian Muslim Travellers To Patronize Halal Certified Restaurant And Muslim Friendly Restaurant In South Korea. Master Completed 2022 Co-supervisor

Intention To Use Halal-Certified Bakery Ingredients Among Online Muslim Entrepreneurs: Application Of Extended Theory Of Planned Behaviour (Tpb) Model. Master Completed 2021 Main Supervisor

Muslim Friendly Medical Services: Understanding Of Hijamah Practitioners In Klang Valley On Malaysian Traditional And Complementary Medicine Guidelines . Master Completed 2021 Co-supervisor

Consumer Perception And Purchase Intention On Halal Products With Blockchain Technology For Traceability And Transparency. Master In Progress Main Supervisor

Measuring The Service Quality Of Polytechnic Malaysia In Providing Halal Executive Program. Master In Progress Main Supervisor

Development Of Game-Based Learning Module To Promote Halal Consumerism Among Primary School Students. Master In Progress Main Supervisor

Challenges And Strategies To Ensure Toyyib Practices In A Garment Manufacturing In Bangladesh. Master In Progress Main Supervisor

Analyzing Factors Influencing Purchase Intention Of Shariah - Compliant Wear Among Muslim Gen Z. Master In Progress Main Supervisor

Determinants Of Halal Executive Competency In Halal Food Manufacturing Companies. Master In Progress Main Supervisor

Tourist Disconfirmation Of Expectation And Satisfaction With A Halal Tourism Experience In Bali. Master In Progress Main Supervisor

Halal Studies : Education Gap Analysis Of Halal Profession In Malaysia. Master In Progress Co-supervisor

Perspectives Of Lower Secondary School Islamic Education Teachers In Klang Valley On Halal Topic. Master In Progress Co-supervisor

Exploring Perceptions Of Healthiness Of High-Protein Healthy Bars (Hphb) Among Adolescents In Temoh, Perak. Master In Progress Co-supervisor

Assessing The Halal Potential And Nutritional Compositions Of Local Grasshoppers As Sustainable Protein Source In Malaysia. Master In Progress Co-supervisor

Factors Affecting Purchase Intention Based On Tafsir-Thematic Analysis Approach Among Consumers Towards Muslim-Friendly Food Outlets. Master In Progress Co-supervisor

Factors Affecting The Halal Food Implementation In The Nigerian Food Industry: Perspective Of Halal Auditors. Master In Progress Co-supervisor

Completed

2024 - 2024	Catalyzing Sustainable E-Waste Management: An Exploratory Study of Urban and Rural Malaysian Consumer Behavior
2024 - 2024	Certified Halal Executive Training (CHEX) August 2024
2024 - 2024	INHART Laboratories Service (Sample Analysis and Workshop) - Jan 2024 - Nov. 2024
2023 - 2023	Program Pengantarabangsaan Pengetahuan Pensijilan Halal Malaysia: Skop: Kajian Pasaran Permintaan Bakat Halal Di Luar Negara
2023 - 2024	Revisiting halal science and halal education body of knowledge in the contemporary time
2021 - 2023	The examination of perception and association of authentic local food in Perlis among tourists and the people of Perlis for the purpose of food destination marketing
2019 - 2023	Characterization of blood plasma structure in surimi products and adulteration status through scientific and shariah approach.
2019 - 2024	Determinants of Employee Engagement in a Syari'ah Compliant Workplace

On-Going

2025 - Present	Rencana Induk Pengembangan Industri Halal Propinsi Riau (Master Plan of Halal Industry Development of Riau Province, Indonesia)
2025 - Present	EXAMINING THE INNOVATIVE POTENTIAL OF AGARWOOD SPECIES THROUGH PATENT LANDSCAPING AND CRITICAL REVIEW OF ANIMAL MODEL STUDIES
2024 - Present	Healthy Body, Healthy Mind: Promoting Halal Toyyib Lifestyle
2024 - Present	PROJEK KAJI SELIDIK TAHAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN KTMB TAHUN 2024
2024 - Present	Comparative Analysis of Sugar Consumption Behavior in Higher Education Institutions: A Cross-Cultural Study between the United States and Malaysia; Under the main Project "Integrating Islamic Business Models in Ethical and Sustainable Markets,?
2024 - Present	Enhancing competitiveness of Halal SMEs in Food and Beverages Through Halalan Toyyiban Practies: A Comparative Study Between Malaysia and Indonesia
2023 - Present	Halal studies: Education gap analysis of halal talent in Malaysia
2023 - Present	Development of Educational Hub to Support the Halal Industry in Thailand
2019 - Present	Geo-tourism Destination (GTD) Framework Based on Sustainable Development Goals and Maqasid Shariah
2019 - Present	Framing Core Competencies Index for Halal Executive in Food Companies
2019 - Present	Towards a conceptual model of whistle-blowing intentions among employees in Halal certified food companies
2019 - Present	Revealing Agarwood-based Prescription(s) Documented in Malay Medical Manuscripts towards cancer treatment
-	HALAL HUMAN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA: FROM A SCIENTIFIC AND SHARl'AH INTERDISCIPLINARY OVERVIEW
-	Enhancing Competitiveness of Halal SMEs in Food and Beverages through Halalan Toyyiban Practices in the Supply Chain: A Comparative Analysis between Malaysia and Indonesia

Articles

2025	Catering to Muslim travellers: a review on the value of Muslim-friendly tour guides services. Halalsphere, 5 (1) pp. 72-81
2025	Exploring factors behind whistleblowing intention among employees in the Malaysian halal food manufacturing sector. Halalsphere, 5 (1) pp. 59-71
2025	Halal science as an emerging academic field: examining its academic and epistemological foundation. Halalsphere, 5 (2) pp. 101-107
2025	Identifying barriers to efficient cold chain management in the halal food industry. International Journal of Business and Technology Management, 7 (1) pp. 86-100
2025	Identifying gaps in halal talent development and management in Malaysia: a systematic literature review. Al-Qanatir International Journal of Islamic Studies, 34 (1) pp. 78-93
2025	Revisiting contemporary halal research from the perspective of the tawhidic paradigm. Halalsphere, 5 (2) pp. 30-52
2025	The tapestry of Halal-related projects in IIUM – the funding and its outputs. Journal of Halal Industry and Services, 8 (1) pp. 1-19
2024	A call to action! Revolutionising mental health in the workplace. TheHEALTH, () pp.
2024	Benefit of unified halal certification in Nigeria halal industry. Amorti: Jurnal Studi Islam Interdisipliner, 3 (4) pp. 139-146
2024	Beyond halal cuisine: a comprehensive exploration of shariah compliance in tourism and hospitality. Tazkia Islamic Finance and Business Review, 18 (1) pp. 120-139
2024	Bibliometric trends on halal science and halal education: a review. International Journal of Modern Education, 6 (23) pp. 181-201
2024	Exploring halal science research: do they meet the tawhidic paradigm? do they need Islamization of knowledge?. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 29 (1) pp. 1-22
2024	Farming into the future: rebranding agriculture for Malaysia’s youth. @AGROBiz, May-June () pp. 22-23
2024	Feast of faith: the duality of Ramadhan buffets. @Halal, March-April () pp. 14-15
2024	Green and clean: managing e-waste with halal and toyyib principles. @green, September-October () pp. 26-27
2024	Halalan toyyiban concept as religious-based intervention for healthy diet among youth. Halalsphere, 4 (1) pp. 59-71
2024	Pathway to ethical growth. Halal has become synonymous with purity, cleanliness and quality. @halal, 6 (34 (November-December)) pp. 24-25
2024	Ranking and rating halal-certified restaurants in Malaysia: an application of AHP. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 15 (7) pp. 1743-1765
2023	Applying ethical climate theory in whistleblowing intentions study among employees in halal food companies: a protocol. Halalsphere, 3 (1) pp. 47-54
2023	Perspective of Hadith in halal industry. Journal of Halal Industry & Services, 6 (1) pp. 1-18
2023	Remedies containing agarwood in selected traditional Malay medical manuscripts. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 11 (1) pp. 67-75
2023	SCRIPT-powered halal industry: in Malaysia, the significance of this industry cannot be understated. @Halal, 5 (23) pp. 10-12
2023	The degree of whistleblowing intention and its determinants among halal food manufacturing employees. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 28 (2) pp. 14-38
2023	Whistleblower - hero, informant, snitch or betrayer?. @Halal, 5 (24) pp. 18-19
2022	A bibliometric analysis of agarwood research, 1959-2021. Journal of Agrobiotechnology, 13 (2) pp. 37-64
2022	A conceptual core competency model for halal executives in food manufacturing companies. Journal of Halal Science and Technology, 1 (1) pp. 1-14
2022	A maqasid-based bioprospecting; the case of Agarwood in the halalan toyyiban product development. Journal of Halal Science and Technology, 1 (1) pp. 26-31
2022	Awareness of halalan toyyiban, HAS practices, export readiness and food SMEs’ business performance in East Coast region, Malaysia. Journal of Halal Industry and Services, 5 (1) pp. 1-23
2022	Does fancy food always mean Toyyib food? a halalan toyyiban food rating system could be your guiding star. @Halal, March - April 2022 () pp. 18-18
2022	Guarding the Halal Industry. @Halal, 4 (July - August) 2022 (20) pp. 20
2022	Intentions’ determinants of Malaysian muslim travellers to patronize restaurants in South Korea. Halalsphere, 2 (2) pp. 56-67
2022	Investigating the methods of restaurant rating to develop halal compliance rating (HCR) tool within the halal certified restaurants globally. Journal of Islamic Economic and Business Research, 2 (1) pp. 51-65
2022	Malaysian Muslim consumers’ awareness, confidence, and purchase behaviour on halal meat and its products after the meat cartel scandal. Food Research, 6 (6) pp. 273-279
2022	The evolution of halal research: a bibliometric for 1996-2020. Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 27 (3) pp. 1-38
2022	The intention to use Halal-certified bakery ingredients among online Muslims entrepreneurs. Halalsphere, 2 (1) pp.
2021	Childhood obesity is worrisome. @Halal, 3 (14) pp.
2021	For the love of fish: towards achieving halal and toyyib aquaculture practices. @Halal, 3 (15) pp. 30-30
2021	Identifying and measuring the weights of halal compliance rating (HCR) components of best halal practices by applying AHP method. International Journal of Islamic Business Ethics, 6 (2) pp. 104-118
2021	Let's fix our broken food system: diet encompasses a broader spectrum of halalan toyyiban attributes. @Halal, 3 (12) pp. 18
2021	Positioning halalan toyyiban in halal food system: production, processing, consumption, marketing, logistic and waste management. Halalsphere, 1 (2) pp. 17-40
2021	The good, the bad and the divine. Solidarity for halalan toyyiban diet. Revon Media, 1 January 2021 () pp. 18-18
2020	Determinants affecting purchase intention of halal products: an article review. Journal of Halal Product and Research (JHPR), 3 (2) pp. 63-79
2020	Halalan Toyyiban dietary practice for good health and well-being. @halal, 20 (10) pp. 18
2020	The relationship between halal food management system critical constructs implementation, operational performance and product quality. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10 (3) pp. 836-854
2018	Overview of the halal food control system in Malaysia. Food Control, 90 () pp. 352-363
2015	Perceived versus actual knowledge of alcohol and halal food among food technology undergraduate students in a Malaysian university. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 6 (3) pp. 294-313
2014	Alkohol (arak dan etanol) dalam makanan halal. Jurnal Intelek, 9 (1) pp. 40-51
2014	Alkohol dalam makanan: fatwa semasa di Rantau Asia Tenggara. 'Ulum Islamiyyah Journal, 14 () pp. 1-34

Conference or Workshop Items

2024	Bridging faith and reason: examining sertu concerns through Islamic and scientific lenses. In: 1st International Islamic Multidisciplinary Conference (IIMCO 2024),
2024	Exploring the establishment motives of Pondokstay: a preliminary investigation. In: Global Conference on Educational Research And Practices, 2024 (GOCERP 2024),
2024	The therapeutic potential of Agarwood-based formulations from Traditional Malay Medicine (TMM) in sustainable Halal product innovation. In: International Halal Product Development Conference 2024,
2023	A review of hindering factors for halal certification adoption among Muslim-owned mall and medium enterprises (SMEs) of food industry in Malaysia. In: International Halal Science Conference 2023 (IHASC23),
2023	Agarwood coverage in the media in Malaysia: A qualitative analysis of Berita Harian and Utusan Malaysia newspaper articles. In: 3rd International Scientific Symposium on Agarwood (ISSA 2023),
2023	Determinants of halal executive competency in food manufacturing companies in Malaysia. In: International Halal Science Conference 2023 (IHASC23),
2023	Halalan toyyiban attributes shown in selected traditional Malay medical manuscripts. In: International Halal Science Conference 2023 (IHASC23),
2021	Core competencies of the halal executive from the practitioners’ perspective. In: 5th International Seminar on Halalan Thayyiban Products and Services 2021,
2021	Development of Core Competencies Index for Halal Executives in Food Company. In: Virtual International Halal Science Conference 21: Enhancing and Strengthening Halal Industry through Science,
2021	Does halal science meet the criteria of an academic discipline?. In: Virtual International Halal Science Conference 21: "Enhancing and Strengthening Halal Industry through Science",
2021	Exploring whistle-blowing intention among employees in Halal-certified food companies. In: 5th International Seminar on Halalan Thayyiban Products and Services 2021,
2021	Intention to use halal-certified bakery ingredients among online muslim entrepreneurs: application of extended theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model. In: Virtual International Halal Science Conference 2021: "Enhancing and Strengthening Halal Industry through Science",
2021	Strengthening the efficiency of cold chain management in halal food industry by identifying the crucial barriers. In: Virtual International Halal Science Conference 21: "Enhancing and Strengthening Halal Industry through Science",
2020	Atlas.ti 8: a beginner guide. In: INHART Research Management E-Workshop Series 4/2020,
2019	The relationship between halal food management system critical constructs, operational performance and product quality. In: 2nd International Food Research Conference (IFRC 2019),

Books

2023	Al-Basirah: an insight into halal business and lifestyle. Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 9786299744528

Book Sections

2024	Computational social science in halal fields. In: Springer Singapore, ISBN: 978-81-961472-9-7, pp. 67-85
2024	Gamification in halal context: theory and potentials. In: Springer Singapore, ISBN: 978-981-97-3842-7, pp. 15-40
2024	How can halal food manufacturers benefit from IR 4.0 technology?. In: Routledge, ISBN: 9781032437057 (hbk), 9781032437064 (pbk), pp.
2024	The Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0): aligning competencies for Halal Executives. In: Springer, ISBN: 978-981-97-1374-5, pp. 251-271
2023	Beefing up the local halal meat supply chain. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 40-43
2023	Blockchain: revolutionising the halal industry or a double-edge sword. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp.
2023	Childhood obesity is worrisome. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 142-145
2023	Demystifying misconceptions about halal certification. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 75-78
2023	Does fancy food always mean toyyib food? A halalan toyyiban food-rating system could be your guiding star. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 9786299744528, pp. 103-106
2023	For the love of fish. Towards achieving halal and toyyib aquaculture practices. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 67-70
2023	For the love of fish.Towards achieving halal and toyyib aquaculture practices. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 67-70
2023	Guarding the halal industry. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 47-50
2023	Halal agroindustry as a key to food security. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 54-57
2023	Halalan Toyyiban diet - a way forward. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 83-86
2023	Halalan Toyyiban dietary practices for good health and well being. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 171-174
2023	Halalan toyyiban in the COVID-19 pandemic equation. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 91-94
2023	How your surroundings influence your halal dining. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 180-183
2023	Let's fix our broken food system. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 44-46
2023	SCRIPT-powered halal industry:A MADANI roadmap. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 32-38
2023	The good, the bad and the divine. Solidarity for halalan toyyiban diet. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 107-109
2023	The rise of modest fashion: Exploring the influencer's role. In: Revon Media, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 110-113
2023	The rise of modest fashion: Exploring the influencer's role. In: Revon Media, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 110-113
2023	Whistleblowing: safeguarding halal sanctity and integrity. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 71-73
2023	Why halal-certified medical devices?. In: Revon Media Sdn Bhd, ISBN: 978-629-97445-2-8, pp. 168-170
2022	A review on determinants of Halal Executive Core Competency in Halal food manufacturing companies. In: Penerbit KUIS, ISBN: 9789671953945, pp. 163-186
2022	Blockchain technology in aviation, tourism, and hospitality: theoretical and practical understanding. In: Routledge, ISBN: 9781032324654, pp. 45-62
2022	Halal integrity in the supply chain: the impacts of the fake Halal meat cartel scandal towards Halal integrity. In: Taylor & Francis, ISBN: , pp. 132-150
2022	Halal integrity in the supply chain: the impacts of the fake Halal meat cartel scandal towards Halal integrity. In: Taylor & Francis, ISBN: , pp. 132-150
2022	Pengurusan rantaian makanan Halal sewaktu pandemik COVID-19 menurut Islam. In: UUM Press, ISBN: 978-967-0031-19-4, pp. 167-194
2022	State of research In modest fashion and Its way forward. In: Penerbit KUIS, ISBN: 9789671953945, pp. 215-233
2022	Whistleblowing Intention in Halal Certified Companies: a review of theory. In: Penerbit KUIS, ISBN: 9789671953945, pp. 235-254
2022	Zero-waste concept in the seafood industry: enzymatic hydrolysis perspective. In: Springer, Singapore, ISBN: 978-981-16-7652-9, pp. 207-220
2022	Zero-waste concept in the seafood industry: enzymatic hydrolysis perspective. In: Springer, Singapore, ISBN: 978-981-16-7652-9, pp. 207-220
2020	A conceptual framework highlighting barriers in cold chain management for Halal food products in South-East Asian countries. In: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN: 978-0-367-34997-4, pp. 51-67
2020	A conceptual framework highlighting barriers in cold chain management for Halal food products in South-East Asian countries. In: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, ISBN: 978-0-367-34997-4, pp. 51-67

Monograph

2023	Persepsi dan perkaitan makanan tempatan dan tradisional perlis dalam kalangan peniaga makanan untuk tujuan pemasaran destinasi makanan. In: Kulliyyah of Languages and Management, IIUM,